Tony Fernandes and Airasia Essay Example For Students

Tony Fernandes and Airasia Essay Early years Born in Kuala Lumpur to a Goan father and Malacca Portuguese mother, Dato Sri Tony Fernandes is the child of the late Stephen Edward Fernandes, and Ena Dorothy Fernandez. At the point when he was youthful, he used to follow his mom, a representative, to Tupperware seller gatherings and shows. He was taught at Epsom College 1977-83 and afterward moved on from the London School of Economics in 1987. He worked quickly with Virgin Atlantic as a reviewer, along these lines turning into the money related controller for Richard Bransons Virgin Records in London from 1987 to 1989. 1] Tony was conceded as Associate Member of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) in 1991 and became Fellow Member in 1996. Upon his arrival to Malaysia, he turned into the most youthful consistently overseeing chief of Warner Music (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd. Despite the fact that a bookkeeper, Fernandes is a beginner guitarist and furthermore has accomplished evaluation 8 piano which is th e place his melodic tendency untruths. He was liable for upsetting ethnic music, nasyid and dangdut, carrying them into the standard of contemporary Malaysian music. He along these lines turned into the South East Asian territorial VP for Warner Music Group from 1992-2001. We will compose a custom exposition on Tony Fernandes and Airasia explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now At the point when Time Warner Inc declared its merger with America Online Inc. , Fernandes left to seek after his fantasy about beginning a spending plan nitty gritty aircraft. Nonetheless, his application for a permit from the Malaysian government was dismissed. Propelling AirAsia It was through Datuk Pahamin A. Rejab, the previous secretary-general of the Malaysian Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs Ministry that Fernandes got the chance to get together with the then Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad in October 2001. AirAsia, the intensely obliged auxiliary of the Malaysian government-possessed combination, DRB-Hicom, was losing cash expediently. Rather than beginning without any preparation, Mahathir exhorted Fernandes to purchase a current carrier. Fernandes sold his home and sank his investment funds to obtain the organization, involving two maturing Boeing 737-300 planes (9M-AAA and 9M-AAB) and USD$11 million (RM40 million) worth of obligations, for 26 US pennies (one ringgit), and changed it into an industry player. Coming soon after the 11 September 2001, without a doubt the most exceedingly terrible day throughout the entire existence of business aeronautics when no one needed to fly, everybody felt that Fernandes had gone insane, anticipating that the organization would bomb iserably. However, only one year after his takeover, AirAsia had earned back the original investment and cleared every one of its obligations. Its first sale of stock (IPO) in November 2004 was oversubscribed by 130 percent. Fernandes says his planning was in reality great: Since 11 September 2001, airplane renting costs were down 40%. Additionall y, carrier lay-offs mean experienced staff were promptly accessible. He trusted Malaysian explorers would grasp a cut-rate air administration that will set aside them time and cash, particularly in a tight economy. That was the reason he replicated one of the universes best no nonsense bearers, Ryanair out of Ireland (which thusly is designed according to Southwest Airlines in the United States). Fernandes ponders 50 percent of the voyagers on Asia’s spending aircrafts are first-time flyers. Before AirAsia, he gauges that lone six percent of Malaysians had ever gone in a plane. Different endeavors In 2007, Tony Fernandes has again made a first in Asia by beginning an inn network, Tune Hotels which depends on the straightforward idea. The primary Tune Hotel was opened at the convergence of Jalan Sultan Ismail and Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman in the core of Kuala Lumpur. Extensions are in progress as more inns will be opened up all through Malaysia. Another new Tune Hotel will be opening soon in Bali, Indonesia. Starting at 2009, Fernandes is likewise the leader of the ABL (Asian Basketball League). Fernandes has expressed that it has consistently been a fantasy of his to have the option to be associated with the improvement of sports in the ASEAN area. Lotus F1 Fernandes is the group head of the new Lotus F1 Racing, which has been allowed section into the 2010 Formula One season. .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43 , .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43 .postImageUrl , .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43 , .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43:hover , .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43:visited , .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43:active { border:0!important; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43:active , .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43:hover { mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326 323a43 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ubb6b67395492e39d5013e44326323a43:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: I have a fantasy EssayHaving at first intended to remain down from the job after the season starts, he has since demonstrated that he will carry on in this position. On 16 December 2009, Fernandes acknowledged a demand from Richard Branson, a kindred aircraft chief and the proprietor of Lotus individual F1 newcomers Virgin Racing, where the losing groups supervisor should take a shot at the champs carrier for a day dressed as an attendant kidding The hotter the better. Our travelers will be enchanted to be served by a Knight of the Realm, however knowing Richard, the genuine test will be to keep him from asking our visitors espresso, tea or e? That would be unnerving. On this, the group likewise created a banner delineating Branson in an Air Asia uniform. West Ham United Fernandes is an aficionado of English Premier League club West Ham United and has been associated with talks concerning a takeover of the club. Accomplishments and grants Fernandes greatest accomplishment has been to transform the AirAsia aircraft into a global bearer. Before the making of AirAsia, nations in the locale didn't have open-skies understandings. In mid-2003, Fernandes campaigning pushed Dr Mahathir to raise the thought with the pioneers of neighboring Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore. Subsequently, those countries have allowed landing rights to AirAsia and other markdown bearers. Fernandes has in fact gotten under way the coming of spending bearers in the district. Presently, Southeast Asia has various low-value transporters, for example, * Malaysias Firefly (possessed by Malaysia Airlines) * Singapore’s Tiger Airways (claimed by Singapore Airlines); * Singapore’s Valuair and Jetstar Asia (incompletely possessed by Qantas Airways) (the two carriers converged in 2005); * Thailands Nok Air; Indonesias Lion Air; * Vietnams Jetstar Pacific (in the past Pacific Airlines), and * Philippiness Cebu Pacific. In 2004, AirAsia framed fruitful joint endeavors in Thailand and Indonesia where AirAsia holds 49% stake in the two organizations. Thai AirAsia, a joint endeavor with Shin Corporation, Thailand’s biggest me dia transmission combination, took to the skies in Feb 2004 and needs to date extended 1 million visitors in its first year of tasks. PT AWAIR, re-propelled as a low toll aircraft on Dec eighth 2004 and along these lines re-named Indonesia AirAsia, by and by serves 5 household goals in Indonesia. Fernandes has gotten a few honors for his remarkable accomplishments: * International Herald Tribune Award for the Visionaries Leadership Series, for his exceptional work in AirAsia; * Malaysian CEO of the Year 2003 in December 2003 †a profoundly acclaimed acknowledgment, so far granted to just nine different beneficiaries in the nation, by American Express and Business Times. The honor was an activity to perceive enterprising and administrative mastery and execution among pioneers of Malaysian organizations. * Named the joint victor of the CEO of the Year 2003 honor by American Express Corporate Services and Business Times . Rising Entrepreneur of the Year in the Ernst ; Young Entrepreneur Of The Year Awards in 2003; * Made the rundown of Business Weeks 25 Stars of Asia in 2005. * Malaysian Ernst Young Entrepreneur of the Year 2006 * Excellence In Leadership Asia Pacific Leadership Awards 2009 Fernandes has additionally been respected by the Malaysian government with title Dato Seri and furthermore by the legislature of France with the Legion dHonneur title. Riches In 2007, Forbes Asia esteemed Fernandes per

Forensic Handwriting Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Handwriting Analysis - Essay Example The field of logical penmanship examination decides the genuineness of a mark or report. Then again, Graphology is the investigation of penmanship examination that evaluates the essayist's attributes and character expressing that any two authors are profoundly improbable to have comparable penmanship qualities as style, (full scale highlight) and opening in characters, (smaller scale highlights), perfection, size, inclination, bend and rakishness and so forth. Addressed Document Examination or QDE which has been a calling since in any event 1870, is identified with any addressed archive in any signature, penmanship, typing, PC wrongdoing location, recorded dating, misrepresentation examination or different imprints whose source or character is in debate or far fetched. The most addressed archives are wills, travel papers, self destruction notes, lottery tickets, sorted out wrongdoing, office wrongdoing, workmanship and sex wrongdoing and so forth in this way, to check their validness certain techniques for measurable investigation have been created. The strategy for indented composing or second page composing is the impression caught from the composing instrument on pieces of paper underneath the one that contains the first composition and is valuable in recognizing significant examination techniques when clinical records are associated with containing modifications.

How To ask for a Teacher Recommendation for College TKG

How To ask for a Teacher Recommendation for College While all of the components of your college application are important, one particularly crucial element that requires notice, effort, and thought are your teacher recommendations. Teacher recommendations are an integral part of your application because it’s an outside perspective. Your teachers and counselors are offering a discussion of your character based on their observations and experiences, and that should not be overlooked. It’s important to give this aspect some significant thought, and just FYI: don’t just assume you should ask your English teacher because you’ve gotten straight 100s on all of your quizzes and papers. Think again, and read on.There are 5 steps to securing and completing your teacher recommendations for your applications:Identify your teacherThis is the most important step. It’s crucial to think about how you perform in a class as well as your experience and personality in the class. While you might be a solid B+/A- student on average, that doesn’ t mean you can ask any of your teachers. In fact, we recommend asking a teacher who has a story to tell about you, academically. We might recommend that you ask your Physics teacher if you struggled to achieve a B your first semester and now are earning a solid A in the class your second semester because you took the time to meet with your teacher outside of class, review your tests, and put in a significant amount of time and effort to improve your grade. That story of commitment and self-discipline will speak more to your character than a vanilla rave review from your history teacher, a class in which you’ve historically succeeded without much of a concerted effort and a teacher with whom you do not have as close of a personal connection.Be ahead of the curveStart thinking about this yesterday. It’s important to begin nailing down details that you can determine as early as possible. There are certain components of your application that you cannot control the timing of, for exa mple, your ACT/SAT. But this, you can control and check off of your list early and before everyone else starts thinking about it. Teachers will be bombarded with recommendation requests come summer and fall, so seize the season of spring and get going on asking your teachers now.Meet with them and ask them to PLEASE write your recommendation letterWhen you ask your teacher for a recommendation letter, schedule a meeting to talk to them. This is not a small favor to ask and it shows that you are taking their time into consideration by not asking them in passing. Ask them for a good time for you to come by the classroom and then come back (they might say they have time to chat right then, which is fine). Let them know why you think they’d be a great recommender and ask them if they think they would consider writing you a recommendation for college. More often than not, they’ll be enthusiastic and be happy to help.Set deadlines and follow upLet your teachers know when you need the recommendations by, and provide them with information about how to access the applications. Deadlines will vary, but if you are asking for your recommendations ahead of time it’s best to set a deadline and let your teachers know that once all of your applications are online they will be receiving an email. Alternatively, you could ask them to print out the recommendations and provide them with envelopes for them to use and seal so that you can send them to your colleges.Write a handwritten thank you notePerhaps the most powerful part of this process is the last step: communicating gratefulness. Saying thank you to your teachers who provided you with a recommendation is crucial, and we recommend that all of our students write their teachers a handwritten note expressing their gratitude. Taking the time to write a note and give it to your teacher shows thought and effort, and will not be overlooked.This step can be intimidating and the process of finding the right teacher can be cha llenging. If you have any questions at all, please feel free to reach out to us and we can help you get a game plan together.

Affordable Care Act Research Paper - 1034 Words

Candace Jones Professor Dame HPHM-4311 11 September 2017 The road to the Affordable Care Act has been difficult and extensive based on past health reform attempts by previous administrations. You can date back to the Truman administration after World War II, this was an initial attempt to increase healthcare accessibility. President Truman proposed universal health insurance, but Congress didn’t pass the Bill. President Eisenhower didn’t make efforts for universal health insurance like his predecessor, but his administration made slight health reform proposals such as funding healthcare for military dependents and health insurance benefits for social security dependents. The Kennedy Administrations laid the framework for Medicare by†¦show more content†¦During this time, Senator Kennedy made the first attempt since the Kennedy Administration to make efforts towards a major health reform. President Nixon’s National Health Insurance Act was in competition in Congress with Senator Kennedy’s Health Sec urity Act. The Health Security Act would be like â€Å"Medicare for All† financed by a federal single-payer. This program would end the need for premiums and private health insurance. The Health Security act didn’t make it far in Congress, but it was good to resurface the topic of universal health insurance since the Truman Administration. (Markel, 2015) The Watergate Scandal of the 1970’s consumed most of the Ford Administrations efforts, so little was done under the administration towards health reform. Luckily, the Carter Administration brought back the idea of universal healthcare and the American Medical Association slightly began to support the idea for the first time. Due to the United States being in a recession at the time, Congress didn’t give President Carter’s plan much attention. The economic issues the United States faced caused the Reagan administration to not make any progress towards a major health reform as well. President Regan actually went in the opposite direction and cut a lot of government funding on healthcare; those cuts mainly affected physician and hospital reimbursements. However, the Regan Administration passed the Medicare Catastrophic Act through Congress, which expanded Medicare benefitsShow MoreRelatedAffordable Care Act Research Paper1123 Words   |  5 Pageslegislation o f the Affordable Care Act and how it would impact the citizens of the United States, not a lot of thought is given to the medical state of the inmates incarcerated in North America. According to the eighth amendment, cruel and unusual punishment should not be inflicted upon inmates (U.S. Const. amend.VIII). Not issuing the proper medication to a pain stricken cancer patient or prenatal vitamins to an expectant mother can be looked at as cruel and unusual punishment. This paper aims to determineRead MoreAffordable Care Act Research Paper1074 Words   |  5 Pagesbe obtained through government programs. As of 2010, with the introduction of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, many more citizens were able to receive health insurance (Rosenbaum, 2011). Furthermore, this began the healthcare reform as it is today. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as the Affordable Care Act or ACA, enables citizens to have affordable health insurance coverage through several legislative provisions (Rosenbaum, 2011). It is through theseRead MoreAffordable Care Act Research Paper934 Words   |  4 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a very controversial topic that I never quite understood until I got to read the supplemental chapter untitled â€Å"The Affordable Care Act: A Brief History, Assessment, and Future Challenges.† Throughout this paper, I will be answering five questions about the ACA. The first question has to do with listing and explaining three demographics that contributed to disparities in health insurance coverage prior to the ACA. There were many demographics that contributed to disparitiesRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act Of Obamacare1286 Words   |  6 Pages On March 23, 2010, the Affordable care act also known as â€Å"obamacare† was signed into law by president Barrack Obama. Only gay marriage legislations and gun laws have elicited more public response than the affordable care act. Both opponents and proponents have presented constructive arguments of the perceived failures and strengths of the act. Owing to the intense debate surrounding the act, very few people understand that the act only came into full implementation in 2014. The raving reviewsRead MoreObamacare : The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1376 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion I am going to try to answer with my research paper; what is Obamacare, and what does it do? First off, Obamacare isn’t really the name of the law that was passed in Congress. It is officially titled the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The Act was signed into law on March 23, 2010(About). So what does the Affordable Care Act, which I will also refer to as the ACA, really do? There are several main components of the Affordable Care Act, as can be seen in this diagram. The biggestRead MoreTopics For Health Care Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesHealthcare Topic Research For this assignment, we were required to choose a topic that addresses the issues relevant to our discipline (i.e. public health, health care administration, or health informatics). I elected to focus my paper on the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and whether the implementation of this bill has helped combat the rising price of pharmaceutical drugs. This paper will also investigate the history of the ACA, the result that this law has made within the health care industry, as wellRead MoreA Comprehensive Overview Of The Affordable Care Act1713 Words   |  7 Pagesdebates, the Affordable Care Act s main purpose is to provide access to affordable and comprehensive health coverage to millions uninsured Americans who do not have coverage or adequate coverage, those who would be denied coverage under the previous insurance practice either base on pre-existing condition, gender or age, while controlling the cost of health care. (New York Time, October 26, 2014) The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the Affordable Care Act, examine theRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act And Provides A Nice Knowledge Information And Summary1350 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This paper establishes a keen research on the Affordable Care Act and seeks to provide a nice knowledge information and summary. There is a wide base of research on the act and also of the nine titles of the act. The reader is also able to understand how the Act relates to health professionals in America. A description of Affordable Care Act The US healthcare team of professionals keeps on looking for ways of improving health services offered to citizens. In 1965, the Medicaid andRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act And How It Affects My Personal Nursing Practice1236 Words   |  5 Pagesallotted. By initiating the Affordable Care Act, the government is attempting to realign the balance between the insurance companies and Medicare, and to provide millions of uninsured Americans the opportunity to have medical insurance (King, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Affordable Care Act, and how it affects my personal nursing practice. 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How Far Should Schools Teach Sex Education - 978 Words

How Far Should Schools Teach Sex Education The condoms display in the Hidden Heroes: the Genius of Everyday Things exhibit is a showcase that would cause an individual to wonder about adolescents’ overall knowledge of human sexuality. In today’s society, children are susceptible to learning about such a delicate topic not only from their families and peers, but through the media as well. These sources often provide misrepresentations of the information due to ignorance and biased views. Therefore, in order to inform individuals more accurately, sex education programs have been created with the intention to be implemented into schools across the country. This has led up to being one of the most controversial issues hovering over educational institutions, where the inclusion of such programs has been hotly debated. However, recently, the dispute is not so much about whether sex education should be taught in schools, but rather what content should be taught and what approach should be taken. Before moving on, one must know that sex education is about, but not limited to the discussion of sexual intercourse. As a Buzzle article states, it involves a multitude of topics that introduce human sexual behaviors such as puberty, sexual health, sexual reproduction, sexuality, and more (Iyer). If formally received in school, these topics are brought up and discussed at age-appropriate times over the course of children’s junior high and high school education. Moreover, as I haveShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sex Education in Schools1677 Words   |  7 Pagesthem for the future. Children learn from parents, schools, life experiences, what they watch and other influences around them, and it can be either positive learning or negative learning. There is one subject that is difficult to teach and have control over because of misunderstandings, lack of teaching, and publicity. Sex education has been a major debate for children under eighteen, because there are some parents that want it taught in schools and others that do not because of different reasonsRead MoreThe Reality Of Abstinence Versus Sex Education1224 Words   |  5 Pages2017 The Reality of Abstinence Versus Sex Education Do you ever stop to wonder what goes through a teen’s mind? Maybe it s the late paper that wasn t turned in for English or the worry of coming home after school to family members being high as a kite, maybe it s the plans for their significant other later on or the so called special night they have planned together. Whether it be one of the topics mentioned or some far off random thought either way sex will be on a teen’s mind at some pointRead MoreSexual Education And Its Effects On America Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesSexual education seems to have always been a controversial topic in America. A large part of that is due to most of America holding dear to it’s heart strongly conservative views while also seemingly contradicting that by blatantly adding gratuitous sex scenes to the most basic of TV shows and by slapping obscene titles on the front covers of magazines that sit at checkout at the grocery store. So if sex is everywhere, why isn’t anyone talking about it? In particular why is nobody educating teensRead MoreSex Ed in Middle School1723 Words   |  7 PagesSex Education Should be Taught in Middle School Starting sex education at a younger age is a sensitive issue. 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According to The Cosmopolitan, communication allows partners to check what they are comfortable with doing, how satisfiedRead MoreSex Education And Comprehensive Sexual Education1609 Words   |  7 PagesLet s talk about sex. Stances on comprehensive sexual education vary, whether it be from religious beliefs or past experiences, different views are held throughout. It is in the interests of society in general... for every secondary school pupil to be in receipt of sexual education† (Cumper 16). The phrase ‘it’s better to be safe than sorry’ applies heavily on the topic of sex education, the idea of a pregnant and STD ridden 15 year old tends to frighten a million times more than the thought ofRead MoreSex Education : A Part Of American Culture1566 Words   |  7 Pagesdecades, sex education in US public schools has been a debatable issue for a minority of people (Shindel Parish, 2013). Healthcare workers insist that with a rise in sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies among teenagers, sex education is desperately needed in school . On the other hand, there are some parents and other citizens who strongly believe that sex education is something that parents should be teaching to their children. These individuals feel that sex education coursesRead MoreThe Importance of Sex Education1217 Words   |  5 PagesWith sex being a sensitive subject for parents to discuss with their children, they believe it is not appropriate to discuss these types of delicate subjects at any age. It is not because they don’t want to inform them, but because they want to protect them. Even though they don’t know that be keeping it from them, their children are far from safety every day. However, with today’s high birth rates at early ages, the question is no longer â€Å"should sex education be taught?† but â€Å"how sex education shouldRead MoreA Research Study On Health1139 Words   |  5 Pagesschooled aged children being taught sex education. Teaching sex education is essential because it teaches students the importance human sexuality, reproductive health, sexual activity and common diseases that an individual may encountered through sexual activity. Students need to able to identify and understand what it means to through puberty. Understanding their body while going to the stages of puberty is extremely vital. Most importantly, the goals of sex education is to inform students the importanceRead MoreWhat Does The Right Or Wrong?903 Words   |  4 Pagescharacter/values in school would be helpful in the crusade to lower crime rates. While others (Thomas Lasley) believe that character/values are important. They are not able to be taught, Lasley believes character/values are ‘caught’, saying its far more likely for adolescents to learn values outside of the classroom, and more so in their everyday environment. Author of, Not Just Read and Write but Wright and Wrong, Townsend, suggests that character/values should be taught in the school system. Townsend

British Mistakes During the Revolutionary War Essay example

British Mistakes during the Revolutionary War December 17, 2012 Topic: Was American success in achieving independence due more to General Washington’s strategic skill or to British blunders? While there are numerous contributing factors to America’s success in achieving independence, the most critical factor can be attributed to the series of British mistakes throughout the conflict. Prior to the onset of the Revolutionary War, the British government faced serious challenges, both politically and fiscally. The conclusion of the French and Indian War coupled with the fighting in Europe, India and the West Indies, left Britain with considerable debt and with few to little allies. The British government saw America as a way†¦show more content†¦Both play a critical and equally important role in any campaign and during the American Revolution both proved to be a detriment to the British forces. From early on the British were confronted with serious challenges with providing provisions for troops operating in America. During the war, British provisioning strategy relied heavily on sustainment support to come from the homeland. The 3000-mile trip proved to a tactical hindrance in feeding the troops as well as resupplying with ammunition, blankets, shoes and armament. Often taking several months to arrive, the supplies arrived spoiled and unusable. Further amplifying the issue, the U.S. Continental Congress authorized â€Å"legal piracy† which attributed to the seizing of over 300 British ships during the war. In addition to the resupply of troops, insufficient and ineffective use of transportation resources diminished British effectiveness on the battlefield. Due to poor planning and negligent communication between commanders, the various transport agencies utilized to resupply the British army struggled with prioritizing missions and did not effectively communicate with each other. In addition, independent decisions were made to keep units on-station to move troops vice sending back to resupply. Misaligned campaign plans and the lack of communication and collaboration among commandersShow MoreRelatedWhy Is History A Contentious Subject Within Schools Around The World?936 Words   |  4 Pagesan insight into the present and the future. It teaches us as a nation and how to deal with circumstances that bear a significant resemblance to those of centuries. History also teaches us the mistakes of the past and when people are knowledgeable about history it is less likely for them to repeat the mistakes of the past. Without history our generation will be the dark about who they are. History need to be taught whether it is good or bad and relevant history need to be told. Early American historyRead MoreThe Battle Of The Revolutionary War1263 Words   |  6 Pagesthe militiamen continued to move forward. As the militiamen closed in the British fired the first volley, Private Abner Hosmer and Captain Isaac Davis were at the head of the march and were killed instantly. That volley was the start of the Revolutionary War and is now known as the â€Å"Shot Heard around the World†. The militiamen returned the volley which devastated the Redcoats. Eight officers were wounded and one British soldier lay dead and another mortally wounded. The Redcoats returned theRead MoreEssay about American Success in Achieving Independence1517 Words   |  7 Pagesindependence due more to General Washington’s strategic skill or to British blunders? Introduction The British military was considered the strongest in the world at the outreach of fighting between England and the American colonies in 1775. Britain had just defeated France and the Indians in the Seven Years War and had attained its prominence as a world’s superpower. Yet despite Britain’s overpowering military dominance, the British found themselves unable to subdue General Washington and the AmericanRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1644 Words   |  7 Pagescolonial government. It took the colonists nearly a decade before they had had enough of the british. The British had tried to increase taxes. With the taxes increasing it caused the colonists to become very upset with the British. Causing them to meet the Britishes taxing by a heated protest about wanting the same rights as other British citizens. It didn t take long for violence to break out, when British officers decided to fire their muskets into a crowd of rebellious colonists, this was knownRead M oreAn Open Path Behind A Bridge1375 Words   |  6 Pagesthe militiamen continued to move forward. As the militiamen closed in the British fired the first volley, Private Abner Hosmer and Captain Isaac Davis were at the head of the march and were killed instantly. That volley was the start of the Revolutionary War and is now known as the â€Å"Shot Heard around the World†. The militiamen returned the volley which devastated the Redcoats. Eight officers were wounded and one British soldier lay dead and another mortally wounded. The Redcoats returned theRead MoreBattle Of Lexington And Concord1708 Words   |  7 Pagesto leave when a shot rang out. No one really knows who fired first, but the British, hearing the shot, fired upon the small group of militia, killing eight and wounding 10 (1775, 04/19: Battles of Lexington and Concord. (2007, June 26). When the smoke cleared the British began their march to Concord to search for weapons. They planned to burn any weapons they found and march the 18 miles back to Boston. As the British troops marched, they heard the alarms sounding and they knew the colonist wereRead MoreThe Revolutionary War And The War Of Independence1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe Revolutionary war another name for the war of independence and lasted from 1775 and ended 1783. There was a lot of tension between the 13 colonies and the British Monarchy. Smaller battles between British troops and smaller militias near Lexington and Concord kicked off the war. And by 1777 the rebels began a full scale war on Great Britain. The war turned into an international conflict when France joined the war and sided with the American colonists in 1778. With the help of the French the BritishRead MoreAlliances Will Determine The Fate Of The Chickasaw Tribe1319 Words   |  6 Pagesthe fate of the Chickasaw tribe. During the Revo lutionary war, Payamataha, the Chickasaw foreign diplomat, decided that maintaining peace and neutrality would better benefit the tribe and preserve the Chickasaw people and land. With Independence Lost by Kathleen DuVal, Payamataha decision to stay out of the Revolutionary War and advocate peace led to the defeat of the British and results in the loss of the Chickasaw land by the Americans. During the Seven Years War, the Chickasaws suffered many casualtiesRead MoreThe Founding Father Project : George Washington1159 Words   |  5 PagesWashington has achieved all of this by taking part in Pre-Revolutionary War,During the Revolution,and Post-Revolutionary War.He will be forever known as the man who made The United States of America,and â€Å"The Father of his Country†. Before the Revolution, George Washington had been a lieutenant for the colonies in the French and Indian war.He was then and there shamed for not being able to take down the powerful Int Duquesne,but he learned from his mistakes and with William Pitt they took down the fort. HeRead MoreGeneral George Washington As A Leader901 Words   |  4 PagesContinental Army to victory over Great Britain and presiding over the Constitutional Convention. He was indeed born as a leader to which a leader is defined as one who mobilizes others toward a goal shared by leader and followers. During the eight year Revolutionary war from 1775-1783 with Great Britain and America soldiers, General George Washington has proven himself to be a formidable leader that made him recognizable in a much later life such as his presidential selection. John C. Maxwell, the

Research in Accounting Strong Built Construction Company

Question: Discuss about theResearch in Accounting for Strong Built Construction Company. Answer: Introduction Most of the organizations mainly put importance to the components like base pay, bonuses, equity, benefits and perks of a typical compensation structure (Horngren, Harrison and Oliver 2012). Organization provides compensation to its employees so that they can able to fulfill their needs. In this study, Strong Built Construction Company has able to maintain its position even when the industry is facing trouble. Body A typical compensation package is composed of nine elements. These are base salary; annual or quarterly bonus; other bonus like boss, peer, outstanding non-normal accomplishments; stock options; stock units; health and wellness that consists of dental, medical, vision, employee assistance program; life and accident insurance that is composed of basic life, survivor income benefit, long term disability, accidental death and dismemberment; other insurance like travel, legal and perks like internet services, food, gym memberships, company bus, plane or train fare, cell phone and service, company discounts, university or ongoing funding for education, electric car chargers and many more (Warren, Reeve and Duchac 2012). However, the structure of a compensation package depends on size of the organization, nature of industry and even on the geographic location of the organization. The compensation package of an individual of the higher designation might vary as more elements might be inco rporated within the structure of compensation. The compensation package varies from one company to another. Thus the proportion of the components of a typical compensation package should vary from one organization to another Agency theory is one of the major components of financial economics. It indicates the conflicts of the interest between individuals with diverse interest in the same assets. By analyzing the agency theory, it can be assessed that the particular theory indicates the conflicts between shareholders and managers of the organizations and shareholders and bondholders. As per the theory, the relationship between the principals and agents can be described in an effective manner. The traditional agency relationship arises when individuals called principals or hire one or more individuals for conducting a particular process (Ballwieser et al. 2012). The primary agency relation lies between the stockholders and managers of the organization. In this context, Bill Strong, the founding director of Strong Built Construction Company have discussed about the profitability of the business in recent board meeting. Hence, the organization has been trying to improve the agency relationship with stakehold ers. In the recent survey, it has been identified that the motivation level of employees have fallen and it has affected the business (Van Puyvelde et al. 2012). Consequently, the business is unable to move forward in the global market. The traditional agency theory facilitates the organization to diminish the conflicts of interest between agents and principals. It is a strong indication of corporate governance and business ethics. With the involvement of the traditional agency theory, the director of Strong Built Construction Company would be able to resolve issues regarding compensations. In this scenario, the profit before tax has fallen and it affects the business in many ways. For example, the employees become de-motivated and less performer. Through the engagement of the traditional agency theory, the Strong Build Company has been upholding the relation with staffs, shareholders, suppliers and customers. Moreover, the organization has been planning to enhance the relation with their employees by providing the adequate compensation to them. In recent years, Strong Built Construction Company has been approaching the conventional agency theory for executing the compensation to employees (Pepper Gore 2015). With the involvement of the conventional agency theory, employees obtain the monetary benefits from the company. Bill Strong, the director of Strong Built Construction Company, has argued that monetary compensation would be beneficial for the employees and it would facilitate to motivate employees for providing enhanced performance in the business. On the other hand, the executive compensation would be considered during the compensation planning. Hence, it can be assessed that the traditional agency theory influences the organization approaching compensation for employees in the business (Pepper Gore 2014). Comparison Between Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation: Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation The extrinsic motivation means outside or external motivation. This type of motivation is commonly found everywhere and is used frequently within the present society. As per the extrinsic motivation, an individual is motivated to behave, learn and achieve based on the highly observed result (Hoggett 2012). Rather it can also be said that this motivation is used for the purpose of fun, learning or development that is served within an experience. Intrinsic motivation provides fun and mainly aim for competency and skill development and for excitement and accomplishment. In case of intrinsic motivation, an individual perform some activities in order get himself stress free, relieved and to get fun. Implementation of this method makes an individual feel better. Excitement makes people to think in a different way, thus this type of motivation is also counted as intrinsic motivation (Bragg 2013). In terms of intrinsic motivation, an individual work internally to develop his skills, rather it can be said that people are motivated by the implementation of the intrinsic measures. Though there are many differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, there is one relationship between the two types of motivation and that is both the types help people to get motivate and to achieve their goals. The compensation of the members is based on the employees who are willing to take the risk and willing to avoid the risk. In case Strong built Construction Company aligns the present incentives in the compensation scheme with the risk attitude of the employees then the employees will be able to reward themselves with higher amount of compensation. The higher is the risk taking attitude of the employee, the higher amount of compensation should be awarded to the employee. On the other hand the risk avoiding employee tends to avoid risk and this should directly reflect in their compensation (Ims et al. 2014). According to Foss, N Stea, D (2014), the compensation committee led by U.S. takes in consideration fairness and balance in the compensation. According to this principle the employees having more responsibility towards the organization fundamentally have greater pay for performance, proper alignment of incentives and a shareholder friendly compensation package. The willing among the employees for greater productivity is has a direct influence on the external rewards and it follows logical sequence of payment system followed by the performance of the employees. The risk avoiding employees are further motivated by the several factors such as, meeting the goals of the organization, making and implementation of the various decisions and the willingness to take part planning, organizing and controlling the effects of the other employees. This has a direct impact on the compensation of the employees (Hermanson 2012). According to Graham et al. (2013) the best time for the employees to receive financial benefit is during the time when the share prices of the company are high and the tax level is low. The best time is driven by the various market forces, due to this reason the company need to identify the best time according to the present tax and future forecast of the tax structures. In this way even if the revenue of the company falls, the employees will be able to draw higher amount of compensation. The various intrinsic factors like giving a challenging task or getting the employees involved in the decision making process will ensure that the employees always stay motivated and improve the working attitude among the employees. The time when the company decides to dissolves its held shares for the past three years is also a good time to provide the compensation. The company needs to bring liquid flow of money in its account so that it is able to settle the salaries of the employees with ease. ( Gursoy 2013). Compensation is a substitute term for salaries and wages. Studies have identified that compensation is one of the prime factor that helps employees to work to their full potential. Hence, fairness consideration will have to be implemented by the company so that no employees of the organization feel that they are not a valuable asset of the company (Osibanjo, Pavithra and Adeniji 2014). However, survey has identified the fact that level of motivation of the employees have fallen to a great extent. As a result, the management tries to implement conventional agency theory approach so that it can provide high level of monetary benefits to its employees so that their motivational level can remain in good order. Fairness consideration in determining compensation is a kind of thing that had to mention by the organization (Chen et al. 2015). Otherwise, the prime objective that is to improve the present level of motivation of the Strong Built Construction Company might not be fulfilled. In addition, the company is looking to initiate company share to the employees. Therefore, the company has to ensure that the share of the company is distributed in such a way so that every individual within the company can actually feel satisfied with this approach (Su 2014). Otherwise, it might even increase the negative impact on the mind of the employee. Executive compensation is one of the most highly important factors that Strong Built Construction Company has to consider at the time of providing compensation to the executives. Since, executive are often considered that they might not show their incentive to perform to their full potential, which might affect the companys overall performance. Therefore, executive committee has to be developed in such way, which can evaluate the performances of the employees (Goel 2012). The performance measurement is extremely crucial at the time of providing compensation. Since, if the an employee who is giving his best at the workplace, does not compensated properly as compared to another employee who is not probably giving too much effort in the job, it actually can increase the dissatisfaction or frustration level of the employees even more higher. Hence, formation of the committee can minimize this kind of possibilities, which will help the Strong Built Construction Company to increase the pre sent level of the motivation for the employees. According to Hermanson et al. (2012), compensation committee is need to be established because of practical and legal reasons. The key determinations of the compensations need to be established. There are complex compensation issues which are need to be addressed and the board does not have adequate time to solve the complex compensation issues and this resulted in the formation of compensation committee which ensures that the issues are addressed and receiving the deliberate attention. The committee formed should have relevant degree of independence. The compensation program needs to be designed by the compensation committee should focus on the incentives promoted by the program. The committee should consist of independent directors and the evaluation of the committee should be done annually. The compensation of compensation committee should be determined by the board itself. The chair of the compensation committee would be elected by the board unless elected by the board. With or w ithout case , the board is entitled to remove the member of compensation committee (Guthrie et al. 2012). The members of committee needs to address the dissatisfaction of employees and the idea of new chief officer to provide intrinsic compensation to employees which means motivation is given to the employees by rewarding them in terms of intangible factors such as appreciating them at the accomplishment of the tasks to boost their morale, treating with consideration and making them feel satisfied. This would enable to boost the outcome as the current level of executing compensation is not optimum (O'Reilly 2014). Conclusion According to various dimensions of the research study it can be observed that the traditional theory related to the agency theory shows the importance of principal and agents. The agency theory helps to address the issues associated with desire of principal and the attitude of the principal for the compensation of degree of risk. In practical application of the problem is mainly observed among the stock holders. The extrinsic and intrinsic factor of motivation further illustrates how the internal agents vary from the external agents in defining of the attitude towards work. The appropriate time to pay of compensation is based on the availability of the liquid cash flows and several Governmental policies which are in favor of the construction companies. The overall aim of the study is to put an augmented emphasis on the fairness related to the structuring of the compensation package of the employees. Recommendations Due to the stringent policy by the government , the construction company is in downturn but the Strong built construction company has been able to maintain its profile and though the company was able to maintain its stability in terms of revenue there was falling motivation among the employees. The proposal by the new chief financial officer, Susan Bold to compensate the employees in terms of intrinsic motivation is sounding good and it would enhance their performance. The monetary compensation would be determined by the time frame of the business when it is exploring. And so the intrinsic benefits such as making them feel satisfied, participating in decision making process would change the attitude of the employees toward their work and would keep them motivated. In order to settle the salaries of the employees with ease, the company needs to maintain the liquid flow of money which is a secondary factor but the primary things to be focused on is the intrinsic factors to enhance the performance of the employees Part B Ia.) The aim of the research paper is to evaluate the significance of the explanations as stated in the ISA 700 auditors report in decreasing the audit expectation gap. As per the German auditors report there existed certain discrepancies in preparing audit reports as per the ISA 700 guideline. The aim of the research paper is to identify the effectives of the policies stated in the ISA 700 statements to reduce the gap between the expectations of the management of a business organization relating to the audit procedure and the actual results that is reflected in the audit procedure (Graham et al. 2012). The research paper seeks to analyze the e implications of the ISA 700 framework as per the operational expenses of a business enterprise. In addition, it seeks to measure the actual financials position of the business enterprise without any bias. As such, the primary responsibility of the research paper is to present a true and fair view of the financial state of a business organization. Ib.) Auditors - External auditors , Internal auditors Financial Statements Financial Analysts - Junior Financial Analysts Senior Financial analysts Auditors report Students - High school students , Middle school students The profitability of a business enterprise. Investors The financial strength of the business organization as well as the number of preference shares shares sold in the market . Ic.) The manipulation checks relate to identifying the discrepancies in the auditors report as well as the accounting statements prepared in the year-ended financial statements. In addition, the manipulation checks referred to the preparation of the financial statements of a business enterprise in accordance to the necessary guideline and framework, which the business organization is supposed to adhere. According to Moser and Martin (2012), The manipulation checks has been an essential part of the auditors job in carrying out authentic reports about the financial statements prepared in the business enterprise. Besides this, it remains essential to gather reports as per the manipulations made in the business enterprise. The total expenses of the organization shall be scrutinized as per the vouchers in the organization. (Parker and Guthrie 2014). Thus, undue manipulations would not be made which shall lead to a rise in the operational expenses of a business enterprise. II II a) According to both the studies the primary objective of the audit process was considered to be fraud detection until 20th century. However the primary importance shifted from detection of the fraud to verify the details in the financial statements. The audit profession wanted to avoid discrepancies related to legal suits by the various business organization and general public. It has been observed that fraud detection is prevalent in many firms and stake holders are discontent with the work of the auditors. The objective of the study is to assess the validity of audit estimates gap in Ghana both from auditors and stockbrokers point of view (Agyei and Owusu 2014). II b) According to the study suggested by Okafor the difference between the degree of expected performance experienced by the user of both financial statement and the auditor is defines as the audit expectation gap. The study has also identified audit expectation gap as the difference between audit performers and the details conveyed though the audit. The method of data collection was based on questionnaire method. According to Agyei and Owusu-Yeboah (2013), the report explains, the gap of audit expectation mainly exists due to subjectivity of the terms and concepts used in the auditing process. The concepts include reasonableness, fair value, adequacy, materiality, reliability and relevance. The study was conducted using sampling techniques. The approach by Okafor is more rigorous as it is more focused towards quantitative research study by considering hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2. IIc) According to Agyei and Gyamerah (2014), Albert Agyeis the participants consisted of 72.5 % of male respondents and 27.5% of female respondents. Among the various respondents the work experience of 60% of the respondents had an experience of over 5 years, while 30% of the respondents were between 6 years and 10 years and rest had even higher amount of experience. The study conducted by Okafor consisted of participants from the accounting department of the University of Benin, Benson Idahosa University and Ambrose Alli University, and other investing public in Edo state. (Okafor and Otalor 2013). II d) Acccording to Boateng and Agyei, (2013), the respondents in the study conducted by Albert Agyei revealed that 45% of the auditors agreeing to the statements and 45% disagreeing. The frauds detected in the financial statement were agreed by 65% of the total stock brokers. The study conducted by Okafor revealed that it was the responsibility of the auditor to ensure the client with an accurate audit report including the financial statements. The main findings of the study revealed that 67.12% of the respondents didnt know what was expected of the auditors as stated in the statute books and relevant documents. The response rate given Okafor is more accurate in nature. II e) Acccording to Ayuurebobi et al. (2015), the study by Albert Agyei is based on the parameters of agreement and disagreement of various variables. It also identifies that there was no expectation of gap among the auditors and the stockbrokers with relation to producing financial statements. Moreover there was no the expectation of the gap was not present between auditors to the stockbrokers with respect to exercising the judgment in the selection of the audit procedures. The study conducted by Okafor suggested that most of the participants believed that it was the responsibility of the auditor to ensure the client with accurate auditing data and financial data. (Otalor and Okafor 2013). II f) Accoroding to Kusi et al. (2015), the flaws identified in the model of Albert Agyei indicated several over expectations of the users of the audited analysis of the financial statements. Several flaws in the model of Okafor suggested that more the public needed to be more educated toward their duties and responsibilities. The auditors report should have been further expanded to include disclaimer clauses stating the it is not a certificate or a guarantee related to the financial viability. Conclusion and Recommendation It can be concluded that the manipulations check also refer to identifying the discrepancies in the financial statement as well as the auditors report. It shall consist of stringent measures to that shall thoroughly examine the sales revenue earned as well as the income tax paid to the business organization. The Government regulations have also affected the present compensation structure of the employees. The time when the Government starts to put more amount of fund on the construction companies, the financial benefit earned by the employees will have an direct influence on the benefits reaped by the company Reference List Agyei, A. and Gyamerah, S., 2014. The Awareness of Employees on Tax Relief Scheme in Ghana. International Business and Management, 9(1), pp.79-83. Agyei, A. and Owusu, A.R., 2014. The Effect of Ownership Structure and Corporate Governance on Capital Structure of Ghanaian Listed Manufacturing Companies. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(1), pp.109-118. Agyei, A., Aye, B.K. and Owusu-Yeboah, E., 2013. An assessment of audit expectation gap in Ghana. Int. J. Acad. Res. Account., Financ. Manage. Sci, 3(4), pp.112-118. Ayuurebobi, K., Ngibise, B.A., Ngugi, A., Akpalu, A., Agbokey, F., Adjei, P., Punguyire, D., Bottomley, C., Newton, C. and Owusu-Agyei, S., 2015. Prevalence and risk factors for Active Convulsive Epilepsy in Kintampo, Ghana. The Pan African medical journal, 21. Ballwieser, W., Bamberg, G., Beckmann, M.J., Bester, H., Blickle, M., Ewert, R., Feichtinger, G., Firchau, V., Fricke, F., Funke, H. and Gaynor, M., 2012.Agency theory, information, and incentives. Springer Science Business Media. Boateng, I.A. and Agyei, A., 2013. Microfinance in Ghana: Development, Success Factors and Challenges. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(4), pp.153-160. Bragg, S. (2013).Accounting best practices. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Chen, K.Y., Hou, T.S., Chen, T.P. and Wang, D.Q., 2015. The Compensation Payment Form and Art of Elderly Human Resources in Small And Medium-Sized Energy Enterprises. Parker, L. and Guthrie, J., 2014. Addressing directions in interdisciplinary accounting research. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 27(8), pp.1218 Foss, N Stea, D 2014, 'Putting a realistic theory of mind into agency theory: implications for reward design and management in principalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ agent relations',European Management Review, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 101-16. Goel, D., 2012.Performance appraisal and compensation management: A modern approach. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Graham, J.R., Raedy, J.S. and Shackelford, D.A., 2012. Research in accounting for income taxes. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53(1), pp.412-434. Guthrie, K., Sokolowsky, J. and WAN, K.M., 2012. CEO compensation and board structure revisited.The Journal of Finance,67(3), pp.1149-1168. Hermanson, DR, Tompkins, JG, Veliyath, R Ye, ZS 2012, 'The compensation committee process',Contemporary Accounting Research, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 666-709. Hoggett, J. (2012).Accounting. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia, Ltd. Horngren, C., Harrison, W. and Oliver, M. (2012).Accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Ims, KJ, Pedersen, LJT Zsolnai, L 2014, 'How economic incentives may destroy social, ecological and existential values: the case of executive compensation',Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 353-60. Kusi, B.A., Ansah-Adu, K. and Agyei, A., 2015. Evaluating Banking Profit Performance in Ghana during and post Profit Decline: A five Step Du-Pont Approach. EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal, 5(2), pp.29-40. ODwyer, B. and Unerman, J., 2014. Realizing the potential of interdisciplinarity in accounting research. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 27(8), pp.1227-1232. Okafor, C.A. and Otalor, J.I., 2013. Narrowing the Expectation Gap in Auditing: The Role of the Auditing Profession. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(2), pp.43-52. O'Reilly, CA, Doerr, B, Caldwell, DF Chatman, JA 2014, 'Narcissistic CEOs and executive compensation',The Leadership Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 218-31. Osibanjo, A.O., Pavithra, S. and Adeniji, A.A., 2014. Compensation Management and Organisational Commitment in Developing Economies: Indian Perspective.Journal of Research in Management, Social Sciences and Technology,8(8), pp.1-15. Otalor, J. and Okafor, C., 2013. Imperatives of Bridging the Audit Expectation Gap and Enhancing the Credibility of Corporate Financial Information. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 3(5), pp.125-138. Pepper, A Gore, J 2014, 'The economic psychology of incentives: An international study of top managers',Journal of World Business, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 350-61. Pepper, A Gore, J 2015, 'Behavioral agency theory new foundations for theorizing about executive compensation', Journal of Management, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1045-68. Refe Baku, A.A., Ahenkan, A., Agyei-Boachie, S.Y. and Gyamfi, C.O., 2014. Climate Change and Business Education in Ghana: A Study of the University of Ghana Business School. In 2nd UGBS Conference on Business and Development 2014 Conference Proceedings (p. 315). Su, X., 2014, January. Analysis on the measures to improve compensation management in SMEs in China. In2014 International Conference on Global Economy, Commerce and Service Science (GECSS-14). Atlantis Press. Van Puyvelde, S., Caers, R., Du Bois, C. and Jegers, M., 2012. The governance of nonprofit organizations integrating agency theory with stakeholder and stewardship theories.Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,41(3), pp.431-451. Warren, C., Reeve, J. and Duchac, J. (2012).Accounting. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning

Impacts of International Economics

International economics may be narrowly described as the interaction and relation of economic activities between various countries around the globe. On the other hand, international economics is concerned on the effects of international differences on economics in relation to productivity and consumer preferences. Similarly, international economics focuses on interaction between different countries in the aspects of trade, migration and investment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impacts of International Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More International economics seeks to identify ways of improving the global marketplace since all national economies have been integrated into one. This has occurred following the increasing advancements in technology hence bringing changes in economic policies as well as bringing barriers to trade and finance. As a result, economic interactions have increased over the past d ecades leading to subsequent global economic growth. One of the most significant impacts of international economics is the increased linkage between low income nations and the high income nations. This has resulted to participation of poor nations/developing countries into global production, finance and trade. The overall result is the integration of national economies through trade, productivity as well as finance. Capital inflows are rapidly increasing due to foreign investments this direct foreign investment emphasizes the role played by multinational corporations in global production n trade. As stated earlier, advancements in technology have reduced the costs of transportation and communication between nations and this in turn has resulted to divided value chain of production hence increased rates of imports and exports around the globe. This has enabled the chaining out of the different processes of production in different parts of the world depending on the comparative advant ages of the production stages. This way, participation of nations in the production process is ensured as well as economic growth for such nations. The other significant aspect of international economics is the increased harmony amongst economic institutions all over the world. Despite the fact that there have been imitations in economic institutions between various nations, there is a great aspect of harmonization in such institutions obligations of treaties concerning trade, integration of investment and taxation policies, banking administration including conversion of various currencies as well as policies on foreign investments. Such treaties have brought many nations together such as the bi-national tax treaties and other European unions. However, international economics which has intensified globalization around the globe has brought up a lot of debates regarding the implications involved between the developing and developed countries. As a result, policies are being implement ed to ensure that globalization brings out maximum economic growth in developing countries. Similarly, a lot of debates have been raised on whether international economics are promoters of market stability or actually undermines the same. There is fear of collapse of emerging markets as far as globalization is concerned.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conclusion, international economics is concerned with the integration of global economics in terms of trade, finance and other resources. Such interactions include international trade which involves flows of goods and services between nations, determination of factors of demand and determination of variables of policy implementation. The other aspect involves international finance which studies inflow of capital resulting from international markets through monitoring exchange rates in regard to financial markets. All these aspects have had the great impact of bringing together many nations on various aspects of economics. This way, both developing and developed countries have had the opportunity to take part in contributing to the international economy as well as improving national economic growth. This essay on Impacts of International Economics was written and submitted by user Finnegan Mcclure to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Can You Write in the SAT Booklet

Can You Write in the SAT Booklet SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips After you take the SAT, your score will be determined by the little bubbles you fill in on your scantron sheet - a sheet where there’s no place to show your work. It’s normal (even important) to want to take notes and work through problems. Since you won't receive any extra scratch paper in the testing room, your SAT booklet is the place to do it. Here, I’ll go over what, how, and even why you should write in your test booklet. That little stack of paper might end up more helpful than you expected. Can You Write in the SAT Test Booklet? AsI mentioned above, you are allowed to write in the SAT booklet. There are no limitations to where or what you scribble (although I’d caution you against writing anything that could be construed as a message to other test-takers). I’ll go into more detail about how to use your booklet in the next section, but here’s the most important information you should take away from this article: Write anything you’d like - notes, diagrams, or calculations - but remember that nothing you write in the SAT test booklet will be graded. Graders won’t even see your test booklet, which means you don't have to worry about showing your work or making your notes legible. Even if you're not a big note-taker, you can still use your booklet to work more efficiently.For example, you might mark answers in your test booklet first, and then transfer your responses to the answer sheet at the end of the section (most students save time by doing this). How Do You Use the SAT Booklet Effectively? Some students love marking up tests and reading passages, whereas others have a natural tendency to keep their tests pretty pristine. I want to encourage you to make the most of your SAT test booklet by taking notes all over it! Here are some tips and strategies for marking your booklet that will save time and improve your performance: When you're taking the SAT, you'll want to make use of all available resources - including the SAT booklet itself. Use Notes to Engage With Reading Passages You'll have to read through quite a few passages on the SAT, and most of them aren't exactly exciting. It can be difficult to stay focused and alert over a long period of time, especially when you're dealing with material like this. You may end up wasting time if you have to read passages or sections of passages multiple times due to a lack of focus.Actively reading - taking notes and engaging with the passage the first time you read it - may help you save time. If you understand the passage better the first time you go over it, you won’t have to go back and re-read as often. This gives you more time to focus on the questions. Here are some universally helpful active reading strategies: Underlining topic sentences and thesis sentences Circling key terms Taking notes in the margins alongside each paragraph (e.g. just a few words summarizing the main point) Use Notes to Work Through Math Problems (Especially Word Problems) When you have to keep track of several variables or steps, writing down your thought process will keep you from getting confused. You should also mark up geometry diagrams with information that’s provided in the questions themselves! This is especially helpful when figures are not drawn to scale - you don't want to make any assumptions about the dimensions of a figure. Mark Up Your Questions and Answer Choices When you usethe process of elimination, get a helpful visual of your thought process by crossing off the answers you know to be incorrect (this saves you time if you come back to the question later). If you decide to skip a particularly difficult question - this is an important time management strategy - circle it! This provides a helpful visual cue for when you double back to the question after finishing the rest of the section. Don't Waste Time With Notes That Won't Help Your Score AsI mentioned earlier, no one is going to see or grade the notes you make on the SAT booklet. Don’t worry about explaining your answers (I know it’s a force of habit for many students) - there are no points for showing your work. The Most Important Things You Should Remember Yes, you can write all over the SAT test booklet. No, nothing you write on the booklet will be graded (so remember to transfer your answers to the response sheet). And yes, strategically marking up your booklet can save you time and improve your score! What's Next? Marking up your SAT booklet isn't the only helpful strategy you should know about before taking the test. First, you'll want to make sure you're physically and mentally prepared for test day. Start by checking out our guide to how you should spend the night before the SAT - then, read our post on exactly what to expect the day of the exam. Finally, learn about the top SAT test day tips to make sure you optimize your score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Marketing Game Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Game Report - Essay Example Hence the product features were enhanced to meet the needs of these users, by investing highly on research and development. Since Voice X had set its focus on these three target segments, the marketing mix was designed for all the periods with the requirements of these three segments in mind, with minimum variations. The price was not changed for a long time after the second period, in order to provide a value added, feature rich product to the target segments and to overrun the price competition from the other brands (see figure 4). The main strategy followed was to generate high revenue by focussing on the premium segments. As the market share in the other segments were being taken up by competitors, initiatives were taken in the fifth period to focus on distribution in channel 2, so as to capture a part of the student market. Also additional sales resources were put into force in channel 2, to take up the interested market. A part of the rationale for choosing this distribution strategy was that about one-third of the high end consumers shopped through Channel 2. After the decline of sales in the fifth and sixth periods, a focussed strategy was adopted to regain the market share and to reap profits, by targeting the Managerial segment by tailoring the product and the distribution strategies to meet their requirements. High spending behaviour of the managerial segment and their preference for quality of service were the rationale behind this decision. This change in the strategy proved fruitful and Voice X re-positioned itself as a Premium product and gained its market share of sales. This strategy if followed for the next few periods, will put Voice X in a better financial position to start a new low priced product with minimum features to capture the low spending segments and become the market leader for this

Critique of the play How I Learned to Drive by Paula Vogel Essay

Critique of the play How I Learned to Drive by Paula Vogel - Essay Example This expresses much more broadly Bits character: When she is drunk, she is cynical but also deeply afraid; her childhood experiences, the warnings her parents gave her, ring out through her at a highly internalized level. This helps inform us how they will interact when it comes to the more serious issue of Uncle Peck. This line, uttered by the Teenage Greek Chorus, says that Bits father is ruled by his stomach and his superiors in life. This is a critical expression of how the play and the people within it tend to view men, and will help to give an understanding of the developments of the plot. This quote is literally Bit telling her friend that sex is painful, especially before marriage. But it is also a sign into how Bit, thanks to her uncles treatment of her, views sex. She has been molested, and she realizes the degree of the trauma to her. It is similar to another quote, Quote #4, which shows that Bit thinks that men are monsters that cannot control their urges. Quote 4: â€Å"Lucy, you’d better not be filling Mama’s head with sex! Every time you and Mary come over and start in about sex, when I ask a simple question like, â€Å"What time is dinner going to be ready?† Mama snaps my head off!† This quote has Bit literally asking someone not to talk with sex to her mother. But the quote is showing two things about Bits psychology. First: She views sex as something beyond the purview of control, something that people are just forced into by their urges (and, in her case, others). Second: It demonstrates that she has to talk about sex enough to irritate her mother, which is caused by her

American TV comedy Essay Example for Free

American TV comedy Essay Sit-coms in television history have been one of the most important genres for expressing the values of the middle and lower classes in our society, not in order to make fun of them but to express the best of them in a softer way. For the general public today, the sit-com is like the pantomime was for the Victorians. British comedy still has a Victorian taste, but it is one that is only recognized and truly appreciated by the British, which makes the British sitcoms less universal, and it does also express a more localised British culture. In reality, the appeal of American sit-coms in relation to the British is clear. In the UK, the use of social class stereotypes is more intense; they rely on a more complex social background than the US. Although it is generally felt that UK culture is gradually becoming less defined by the stereotypes of social class, it is notable that in the last five years of television, many sit-coms in UK television continue to approach mainly social class issues, which have more to do with the working class than ever before. For example, in the last year there were two productions that clearly illustrate this point: Shameless and Little Britain, recent productions by Channel 4 and the BBC, used the stereotype of the English working class. In one way it is not a universal appeal, the cultural facts make these productions localised for the UK audience. Shameless was about a family living on benefits in a council flat in Manchester. The main theme was their struggle to survive every day life. The central characters are seven children who where abandoned by their mother and are now looked after largely by their older sister because the father is an irresponsible, but arguably charming, alcoholic living on benefits. Little Britain centred around two actors who created a series of sketches; different situations which portrayed many peculiar stereotypes in English society, from a shoplifting seventeen year old girl living in east London, to a disabled man in Birmingham on benefits who shamelessly uses his generous best friend to help him with the basic daily tasks, despite the fact that he is perfectly capable of doing these tasks himself. These cultural issues make British sit-coms funny to those who recognise the social types, but if it is to be shown to an American audience the essential part of the funny elements are lost, principally because it is not related to Americans in the same way it relates to the English. In American sit-coms the appeal is more universal; there are more general jokes and the use of class is less than in the UK. Sit-coms like Friends and Will and Grace have a more general approach and the dramatisation of social issues is almost nonexistent. The jokes are directly related to the actors. When Will from Will and Grace wants to make a joke he makes one, it is not his background and his social status which is the joke but what he says. In Friends, the audience can observe the same phenomenon. Joes jokes have more to do with himself, or other members of the cast, than about his new girlfriend or the fact that she is from a working class family. Situation comedy in Britain evolved from radio comedy which in turn had its roots in music hall and variety. American sit-com developed from radio soap opera, weekly drama series which were devised to attract audiences in order to sell products. The domestic setting predominated in both variations of the form. Many early American sit-coms were transferred from radio to television. 1 Radio comedy assumed a sit-com format to attract a broader audience and to encourage listeners to listen to the shows on a regular basis. Stopping to listen to a sit-com radio show at a certain time of the week became a habitual form of entertainment for many families. For the television industry, the formula was already developed by the radio and, like everything else which is successful, copying this form was inevitable. Most sit-coms fit into our reality principally because they try to use real people in realistic situations. The programmes only last half an hour and for a fixed number of episodes. In the basic sit-com, the location is the same and every episode is self-contained; it has an end (most of the time happy) in the thirty minute slot, which allows the narrative to flow at a different pace in different weeks. The stereotypical fashion of the characters and their social types provide the humour and the ideology of the sit-com. Sit-com cannot function without stereotypes. In a space as brief as a thirty-minute sit-com, immediacy is imperative, and for a character to be immediately funny that character must be a recognisable type; a representation or embodiment of a set of ideas or a manifestation of a clichi. 2 For the American sit-com, the stereotype has to have a more universal appeal, where in Britain these stereotypes are more easily recognized in our local society, and the male and female stereotype interacts with the surroundings, making it part of the actors character. However, audiences can notice a change in American sit-coms in the last five years. They are using a more straight-forward form in sit-coms like Will and Grace. In this show, there is a new use of gay stereotypes being very open but with a universal appeal. Will is a camp butch gay guy whereas his best friend is camp and feminine, perhaps the funniest of the two of them. In Gimme, Gimme, Gimme, there is the camp gay guy who interacts with an ugly and fat flatmate. But the jokes and situations in which they are involved do not have a universal appeal because their jokes exploit additional stereotypes in English society that make the programme incomprehensible for anyone other than the British. The use of such stereotypes promotes the illusion of community which can be recognized by an audience. Making fun of any strange behaviour which is not acceptable in society, one way or another, is part of the sit-com format. Situation comedy is seen as light entertainment. According to TV producers, its function is to attract funding and to catch the audience early in the evening, offering a laugh which temporarily gives them an escape from reality. In the early days of television they were seen more as a kind of family programme. Nowadays, this light form of entertainment appeals more to a middle class part of society where after a hard day of work individuals want to watch TV without stress. It is more a form of general entertainment than anything else. Such entertainments were deliberately escapist, in that they allowed audiences to briefly recapture the sense of community destroyed by industrialisation and urban expansion. 3 There are three possible locations in which a situation comedy takes place. The first is the home and it is generally based around a family situation. The second is the workplace and the situation that occurs as a result of interaction between characters in the work environment. The third area is less clearly defined but involves a group somehow connected in a situation outside that of the workplace. 4 Shameless uses the characters neighbourhood to plot the situations, where Friends uses a flat and a local cafi , in which the characters usually meet. The use of similar locations guarantees a more realistic experience for the viewer. For Shameless viewers, the association is automatically recognised by an English audience. However, for the American audience the association would not be clear. The English audience is used to the number of council areas around many of its cities where Americans are not. In Friends, the locations appeal to both nationalities; friends meeting in a coffee shop and living together can be recognized in either country in the same way. The connection with reality engages the public more and makes Friends a more universal and commercial program than Shameless, where the scenery can only be recognized by an English audience. Despite the fact that most English sit-coms use local stereotypes, some English sit-coms have been successfully translated to American television. The show Absolutely Fabulous was originally a successful show in the UK and became one of the rare examples of a show which was screened in America and achieved the same success as it did in Britain. The only problem was that before the series could go on view, the producers decided to change many of the jokes which, for the American audience, were considered to be too rude. Plans to show the series in the USA met with problems because it was regarded as too vulgar and too pro-drug, as were the scripts for an American remake submitted to ABC TV after Roseanne Barr acquired the rights. In the end, the first British series was screened in the USA in 1994 and met with success, winning two Emmys (televisions equivalent of the Oscar). It achieved a cult status in the USA, as it did in Australia. 5 What the American producer judged as too vulgar was only a representation of British society during the Thatcher era. Absolutely Fabulous is no more than a production which explores the 70s and 80s in the present context. In one way or another, it is a portrait of English feminism and a society where post-industrial Britain had strong capitalist roots. The past and the Thatcherite present are, at times, played off against each other to produce comedy and social comment while at other points they meld together in hilarious confusion. 6 The main characters spend most of their time shopping and drinking, where Edinas daughter is more linked to nature and late twentieth century values (the post-feminism era). She only drinks natural drinks and dresses with a feminist attitude. It is the clash of both present and past which makes the comedy. The exchange of values in the way that the mothers role, which is to look after her daughter, is inverted, and the confusion with the past by Edina and Patsy which transforms Absolutely Fabulous into an international sit-com. In conclusion, there is one answer for the question Why is the English sit-com not that universal? British TV productions have had some success exporting their productions. However, the answer rests with the cultural aspects of the programmes themselves. The English audience is more open to American productions due to the fact that they are more universal; the jokes, the plots, and the sceneries can be incorporated into any culture with no need of any adjustment. The British sit-coms usually explore a more local stereotype and surroundings which make the export of these productions almost impossible. The amount of cultural ideology, which makes them funny, cannot be translated in many cases. Productions like Friends and Will and Grace explore more the actors personalities and lives than their surroundings. The cultural aspects in many cases are nonexistent. When the shoplifter from Little Britain appears, the joke is often not what she says but her accent and the way she dresses. It is a clear association with somebody who lives in the east end of London the stereotype which makes it funny, the association of the audience with reality. For a Londoner, this association comes automatically because each viewer probably knows someone like that, or would have seen somebody or even heard such an accent before. This kind of aspect cannot be translated, and in the British sit-com these references play an integral part. American productions are more appealing to an international audience because they do not focus excessively on local cultural aspects. Bibliography: Coner, J.; Harvey. S. (1996) Television Times: A Reader. Arnold Geraghty, C.; Lusted, D. (1998) Television Studies Book. Arnold Goodwin, A.; Whannel, G. (1990) Understanding Television. Routledge Marris, P.; Thornham S. (1996) Media Studies A reader. Edinburgh University Press. Neale, S; Krutnik, F. (1990) Popular film and Television Comedy. Routledge Palmer, J. (1987) The Logic of the Absurd: On film and Television. BFI Books. Strinati, D.; Wagg, S. (1992) Come on Down? Popular Media Culture in Post -War Britain. Routledge 1 Goodwin, A.; Whannel, G. (1990) Understanding Television. Routledge P130 2 Corner, J.; Harvey, S. (1996) Television Times: A Reader. Arnold P111 3 Corner, J.; Harvey, S. (1996) Television Times: A Reader. Arnold P112 4 Goodwin, A.; Whannel, G. (1990) Understanding Television. Routledge P132 5 Geraghty, C.; Lusted, D. (1998) Television Studies Book. Arnold. P289 6 Geraghty, C.; Lusted, D. (1998) Television Studies Book. Arnold. P289

Solutions for Terrorism Essays -- essays research papers

Terrorism is a controversial issue which spans the globe, Terrorism is defined as using force to influence or change a political decision. This is a relevant definition which can easily be related to in this day and age. There are many ideas about how to deal with this menacing threat one being a diplomatic solution some believe that the United Nations (UN) should step in and resolve it peacefully. Others oppose this idea and believe that the only solution is violence. Many up hold the idea of violence and that joint North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and special forces operations should tackle the threat head on The history of terrorism can be traced back as far as the French revolution and Guy Fawkes. These acts of terrorism only seem distant reminders of our bloody past but are not a far cry from today’s brutal acts of terrorism. Just as the French government starved their people into submission, Saddam Hussian dropped chemical and biological weapons on thousands of his own people to show that uprisings and political crimes will not be tolerated. Terrorism can be driven in many ways whether its hate, religion or occupation. Most are hell bent on fulfilling their dreams of dying for their cause or religion. Counter-terrorism is a relatively new issue wish has just risen in the past fifty years. It has recently been brought to light the September the eleventh attacks on the pentagon and the world trade centres drew into sharp focus the need to understand and counter the threat of terrorism with extreme use of force to prevent innocent blood shed on British and American soil. Understanding the past lessons of counter-terrorism has never been more important, as the coalition of western super nations response to the th... ...s the anarchists cook book a internet site dedicated to bomb making. The internet has opened a gateway for terrorism to take a more uglier and organised form. On the internet you can even find guides for making shoe bombs, reloading anti-tank guns and even how to shoot at American soldiers. To conclude no matter how terrorism comes to a resolve whether it’s through diplomacy or violence or if it comes to a resolve at all. I believe that a global campaign against terrorism is a realistic option that should be used to tackle the issue. Just as Albert Einstein said â€Å"I do not know what weapons WWIII will be fought with but I assure you WWIV will be fought will sticks and stones† just as Einstein predicts the end of the world with some sort of apocalyptic nuclear or biological weapon will terrorism be the downfall of the 21st century?

Compare and Contrast Luther and Calvin Essay

Compare and Contrast Martin Luther and John Calvin. Martin Luther and John Calvin were both very important leaders of the Protestant Reformation. Although they were both against the Roman Catholic Church, they brought about very different ideas in religion. Martin Luther founded the group that are today known as Lutherans. He was ordained a priest in 1507. He dealt with questions dealing with the structure of the church and with its moral values. These questions were important in Luther’s eyes, but the most important was how to find favor with God. Luther tried to pray, fast, and repent, but he never felt self-satisfaction. He eventually concluded that God’s love was not a prize or a reward to be earned or won, but a gift to be accepted. Luther further concluded that until man stops trying to achieve God’s favor through his own achievements he cannot truly understand God’s grace. Luther also had the idea that one did not need a priest to talk to God, he believed that one could pray and repent without the help of anyone else. This was the idea for which Luther became famous. In 1517, Luther was involved in a controversy which involved indulgences. Indulgences were the idea that a person could donate money to a worthy cause in exchange for forgiveness of their sins. Luther opposed this idea and stated his beliefs in his Ninety-Five Thesis, which he posted on the castle door in Wittenberg, Germany. In 1519, Luther had a debate in Leipzig with Johann Eck, a Roman Catholic theologian. During this debate, Luther denied the supremacy of the Pope and stated that church councils could make mistakes. In 1521, Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X. Luther was then ordered to appear before a council which demanded that he retract his teachings. Luther intern stated that unless he was inspired to do so by scripture he would not since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. Possible the most important contribution of Luther to society was his translation of the Bible into German. This made it possible for those who were not fluent in Greek to study the Word of God. Luther also wrote another influential work, Small Catechism of 1529, which was also known as the layman’s Bible. It summarized Christian beliefs into clear, simple language and told how they should live. During the Reformation, Luther discovered that he had founded a new church. He complained that his name should not be given to a group whose name should only be taken from Christ; but Lutherans still believe in the doctrines he originated. John Calvin teachings were especially influential inSwitzerland, England, Scotland, and colonial North America. Calvin’s followers in France were known as the Huguenots, and in England they were know as the Puritans. During the Reformation, the people were insisting that anyone, not just the hierarchy, be involved in political and religious policy making. This inspired Calvin’s teachings. The Calvinists developed political theories that supported constitutional government, representative government, the right of people to change their government, and the separation of civil and church government. The Calvanists originally intended these ideas to apply to the aristocracy, but democracy eventually arose in England and America. Calvinâ⠂¬â„¢s basic religious beliefs were the superiority of faith over good works, universal priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the basis of all Christian teachings. The concept of universal priesthood was that all believers were considered priests. This was unlike the Roman Catholic Church which had various ranks of priests. Calvin also believed that men could only be saved by the grace of God. He believed that only the Elect would be saved and that no one knew who the Elect were. He also believed in Predestination, which is the idea that your entire life is already planned for you. Many of Calvin’s ideas were controversial, but he improved the morals of the Church drastically. Calvin developed the pattern of church government that is today known as Presbyterian. Martin Luther and John Calvin achieved great results, but went about it in different ways. Luther was more concerned with his own spirituality, and therefore set an example by changing himself. Calvin on the other hand, was more concerned with changing society and the government. They both believed in being saved through God’s grace, but Calvin believed in Predestination a nd the Elect. Martin Luther and John Calvin were both key assets Protestant Reformation.