Confucius Essay Example

Confucius Essay When someone thinks about Confucius, thefirst thing that comes to mind is the Confucius says jokes.Though Confucius sayings where all but a joke.In his wise sayings, Confucius tried to bring people to a virtuous way of life and respect for the teaching of wise men of older generations.Some of Confuciuss sayings were gathered and put into a book called The Analects.In The Analects, Confucius describes the ideal person or what is otherwise known as the perfect gentleman.His description critiques what it takes to become the perfect gentleman.Confucius describes the perfect gentlemen of being moral, but what does he really mean by moral.Confuciuss behavior also in many ways described the perfect gentleman. Confucius spoke much about the perfect gentleman.In his preaching, Confucius described how to become a perfect gentleman.He believed that by spending time finding errors in others, a person would be able to find errors within himself.The Master said, it is not the failure of others t o appreciate your abilities that should trouble you, but rather your failure to appreciate theirs. (Lau, 62)By finding errors in ones self a person then would be able to correct them and be one step closer to becoming the ideal gentleman.Confucius believed that when someone spent a lot of time with friends and family that they should just listen to them talk.Just by listening to them talk one would be able to pick up traits on how to become an ideal gentleman.The Master said,when you meet someone better than yourself, turn your thoughts to becoming his equal.When you meet someone not as good as you are, look within and examine your own self. (Lau, 74)A person should also talk in order to get to know other people better, and by talking he can figure out what he knows and doesnt know about being the ideal gentleman.Confucius also thought that it was import confucius Essay Example confucius Essay As he lay there on his death bed, he muttered his last words, Will no ruler take me as his master?He then died, believing that he had no influence on China.In years to come, his teachings brought prosperity to millions and his emphasis on hard work and education truly showed that he knew that every human had the capacity to be successful.He once said, Another can judge a criminal case as well as I, what I would like to do is to correct the conditions that bring these cases about.One of his main goals was to create this superior man, he wanted people to be judged on a aristocracy of noble character not noble birth.The superior man demands much of himself where as the small man demands much of others, is a direct quote taken from the Analects.The manI speak of is Kong Fu Zi, better known as Confucius. Confuciussfirst job was when he was 19, overseeing grain.Back in 525b.c, grain was a form of money, so being put in charge of the grain was not a badfirst job.He acquired the job because the person in charge heard how smart he was and just hired him on the spot.He was later put in charge of the public lands, where he worked till he was 30. He was growing tired with the business and all he really wanted to do was to restore peace in China and to end war.He quit his job, and went to the libraries in search of the key to Chinas future.While there, he discovered history and poetry books.Confucius that education was the meaning of life and that people become better when they are educated.Confucius said, When people are educated the distinction between classes disappears.Confucius had a passionate love of learning and sought to instill it in others.His aim in teaching was to nurture and develop a person so that he might become someone who would be useful to his state, rather than to produce a scholar belonging to any one philosophic schoo Confucius Essay Example Confucius Paper They have distinctly different beliefs. Confucianism was developed by a Chinese philosopher named KÂ ¶Eng FUzi (551- 479 BCC), also known as Confucius. He was a knowledgeable man who thought about how people should live, how righteousness (Lie) can be achieved and how the society or government should be structured. The Analects of Confucius explains how men can become a gentlemen. If a man follows the rules of Confucius and completes all his duties of his status, he could influence others In society to be honorable, hardworking, honest, and just. A gentleman said, Feels bad when his capableness fall short of the task. He does not feel bad when people fall to recognize him (15. 18). A gentlemen Is different because he does not care about personal gains; his Integrity Is more Important. He never stated whether humans were born evil or good, he did however say that humanity shared the same qualities. They all have the ability to be conditioned through studying and practicing. During the warring states period, Han Fizz (280-233 BC) and Shank Yang (390-338 BC) wanted people to follow a philosophy that could strengthen the government and to create laws that are firmer. Legalism may have originated from Zinc (312-230 SC), a student of Confucius. He believed that all men were born evil and their natural self-interest dominates them the moment they are born, the desire for love, wealth, and power causes people to conduct impulsive actions. Legalism has a set of rules and if they are broken, there will be consequences and punishments. This related to the First Emperor Sin Slashing Dells book burning. The three elements of a proper government based on legalists are power and position (SSL), administrative techniques and methods (Chub ND comprehensive systems of law (FAA). We will write a custom essay sample on Confucius specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Confucius specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Confucius specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Confucius and Legalism did not preach an afterlife, so if one needed mental support Confucius would tell them to rely on books and knowledge for comfort and Han Fee-Uzi would tell one to be diligent with work. According to a Confucianism, a ruler has to be worthy in order for his subjects to obey him. In the Emperor Tagging on Effective Government it wrote, When a ruler looks as lofty and firm as a mountain peak People will admire and respect him (112). The government was created to assist the people. In a legalists perspective, the overspent comes before anything else and the people are there to serve the government. Legalism believes one should prepare for war and contribute In physical labor, but Confucianism believes life should be centered more on education and advancing your talking to promote better living styles. In East Asia: a Cultural, Social, and Political History It says, Ruler should promote worthy and capable, Lossless ten Incompetent, Ana puns ten evil (2 Legally TTS Delve Tanat violence and abuse can control the people while Confucianism believe that an educated ruler can regulate the people. They both have different views on ruling the government and how rulers should act. Confucius precepts and standards gained new currency in the Han Empire. However, administrators appeared to have accepted the philosophy of Legalism without openly promoting it. A reason why the Han dynasty lasted for more than 400 years is because the Han emperors implemented a combination of legalism and Confucianism called imperial Confucianism. This ideology helps provide a leader who does not execute his power through violence. Instead, a ruler needs to be progressive and set a moral example in order for other to embrace his leadership. The imperial examinations were tests on the Confucian classics to select officials for the state bureaucracy. His officials had to have knowledge and the government had a mix of Confucianism and Legalism. The stem to all the chaos was to incorporate the practices and other philosophies from the golden age. The altercation would bring unity to the people and would become fruitful to the government. Despite the difference between Legalism and Confucianism, it was an intelligent idea for the Han Dynasty to utilize them together to promote a successful government for 400 years.

Schizophrenia displayed in A Beautiful Mind essays

Schizophrenia displayed in A Beautiful Mind essays I chose the movie A Beautiful Mind starring Russell Crowe. A Beautiful Mind is based on the life of John Forbes Nash Jr., who was a mathematical genius who made a great discovery while attending Princeton. Nash is then sidetracked by many problems, but fights back and eventually prevails in the end. The movie leads the viewer on to believe that Nashs visions are real. Later we discover that Nash is diagnosed as a schizophrenic or paranoid schizophrenic. Schizophrenia is explained in the textbook on pages 491-498. The textbook defines schizophrenia as a psychotic disorder in which the patients affect, behavior, and thoughts are profoundly altered. There are usually two groups of schizophrenia, positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms include an excess or distortion of normal functions, such as a hallucination. They include delusions of grandeur, persecution, reference, and control. The other type, negative is a diminution or loss of normal functions such as a restriction in speech. There are also four types of schizophrenia which are paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, and undifferentiated. According to the textbook, schizophrenia occurs in about 1 in 100 people worldwide. The cause of schizophrenia is due to a number of contributing factors. Genetics is one factor in the development of schizophrenia. Another factor is abnormalities in the brain. People with schizophrenia tend to have enlarged ventricles, which le aves less space for other parts of the brain. It cuts down on the size of the frontal cortex, which plays a huge role in abstract thinking and planning. Causes of abnormalities in the brain can happen during fetal development. Complications could be maternal malnourishment during pregnancy, maternal illness, or improper prenatal care. In a study on a group of Finnish people with schizophrenia, researchers discovered that children that developed schizophrenia did not do worse academica...

Financial Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial Control - Essay Example It is mainly a measurement framework that adjoins measures that are not financial to conventional financial methods to offer a balanced feature of organizational performance. However, there has been a disbelief of this system in implementing it in small-medium manufacturing enterprise (SME). The disbelief concludes that Balanced Scorecard requires an organization with an advanced strategic planning process to realize its whole benefits. In demystifying that idea, this paper digs into the feasibility of applying the Balanced Scorecard process in the small-medium manufacturing enterprises (SMEs), its prospective benefits, the principal management process and the application of costing systems in SMEs. Introduction Businesses always establish a strategic planning that has connection with the performance of the business. This means that for a business to develop there must be growth in the planning of strategies to realize a better management system. It is at this point that essential st rategic management tools must be applied to a business (Brown, 2007, p.5). One of the tools in management processes of strategic planning is the Balanced Scorecard. However, it is important to understand that large organizations often exude a series of challenges in the application of the Balanced Scoreboard. This is because of the extensive coordination, communication and regulations operations in the organizations. The complex nature of large organizations always entangles the institutions in complex organizational operations that make it hard for the Balanced Scorecard to produce effectiveness (Biazzo & Garengo, 2012, p.40). The Application of balanced Scorecard system in SMEs SMEs always have similar objectives, missions and concerns in their operations. Primarily, the strategic management tenets of these SMEs are numerous. However, the crucial ones include the direction where the organization is headed. This is important since it challenges the SME on the achievements of the fi rm after a stipulated period of time. The other is the manager’s ability to understand business models. It is important to have a manager who is circumspect on the application of business models to maximize profits without exploiting consumers. The final one is the agility of the SME to adapt to new strategic management planning tools in the improvement of the enterprise. Lastly, an SME should be flexible to integrate fresh knowledge and skills into its strategic planning process (Blokdijk, 2008, p.10). Perspectives By digging into these issues, one realizes that there is a common goal of identifying, pursuing and achieving strategic goals and objectives. This is the recipe for the success of the SMEs’ performance and fulfilling their stakeholders’ expectations. The realization of the strategic goals is achievable by using four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard as a component of a strategic management framework in an SME. These perspectives help the SME in viewing the organization in a broader way to execute the collection of data, analysis and development of financial metrics in the SME (Blokdijk, 2008, p.11). The first perspective is the learning and growth perspective. This perspective entails the training of employees in an organization integrated with the corporate cultural attitudes of improving oneself. It is important for the employees to acquire knowledge through training and developing of their attitude since they are the holders of knowledge in the

Hiroshima and nagasaki bomb Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hiroshima and nagasaki bomb - Research Paper Example Waves of fire and flash burns devoured people (Richard Minear, 1990). In Hiroshima, firestorm wind made the structures burn and people highly affected. Trees got uprooted and fire debris and other remains flew here and there. Hazardous radiation added to the causalities. Immediately after the explosion temperature rose to millions of degrees and light emitted to a level exceeding the brightness of sun (Richard Minear, 1990). Deadly radioactive particles affected the people and atmosphere in such a way that it wouldn’t t be healed even after centuries. Both the cities and the neighboring areas suffered from radiation sicknesses and death for several decades. Hiroshima and Nagasaki before the bombing – brief information Hiroshima with its dense population was a city of high military importance to Japan. Almost three-fourth of the city’s population was concentrated on the densely populated well-built centre portion of the city. Having the 2nd Army headquarters and c rucial communication points, the city was a major assembling point for the troops. Hiroshima contained few large industrial plants, reinforced concrete buildings, wooden houses, wooden workshops and numerous industrial buildings (Dower, 1995). Because of the risk of earthquake majority of the houses and industrial buildings were wooden built and reinforced concrete constructions were strong. ... The major part of the population lies along the heavily build-up area which is concentrated to very few kilometers. Numerous industries that produced military equipments, war accessories, ships and other materials made Nagasaki a crucial city for Japan. Buildings, structures and houses were made of wood, with no plaster or roof tiling. Most of the industries were also houses in wooden buildings. It would be best to call Nagasaki and industrial valley with thickly populated industries and houses built close to the industrial buildings. The effects of bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki – People and economy The bombing completely paralyzed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Cities were destroyed, people were killed, affected and stranded, and environment was polluted to a level that even the future generations could not escape from the aftereffects of the bomb.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The atom bomb had numerous long term effects on the health and well being of the affected people. Majority of th e people in the affected area were heavily exposed to radiation and developed different types of cancers, including leukemia. Children who were exposed to radiation became highly susceptible to cancer and other radiation sicknesses (Kodansha, 1993). Almost all living victims of the bomb were in the risk of getting myoma, cancers, hepatitis, thyroid problem, liver problem and several other health issues (Kodansha, 1993). Eyesight was affected and cataract problem was encountered by numerous survivors who were exposed to radiation (Kodansha, 1993). Apart from this, people suffered heavy loss; they lost their family members, house, property and all belongings (Lifton, 1967). This had numerous long time consequence including sufferings and pain. Orphans and elderly

The Hot Zone by Richard Preston Essay Example for Free

The Hot Zone by Richard Preston Essay A proficient U S journalist and author of the 1994 bestseller The Hot Zone, A Terrifying True Story, Richard Preston’s creative capabilities revolve around alarming disease epidemics and bio- terrorism. The research by Preston for his 1992 New Yorker article, â€Å"Crisis in the Hot Zone† forms the basis of this non-fiction bio-thriller. The Hot Zone delineates a dramatic, chilling and realistic tale of an Ebola virus outbreak, which occurs in a monkey storage warehouse in a suburban Washington D. C. laboratory in 1989. In this laboratory, monkeys being used in scientific experiments quickly sicken and die due to a filovirus. It tells about an explosive chain of lethal transmissions begins far from Washington, D.C. laboratory and allows the lab to become a ‘hot zone’. Preston goes on meticulously about how these viruses work and the symptoms that appear in human beings. He traces the history of these viruses from their discovery and examines their first known index cases in detail. He also delves deeply into tales of previous lethal outbreaks in Africa out of these filoviruses. The Hot Zone employs a four fold structure. The first section of this non- fiction, â€Å"The Shadow of Mount Elgon† acts as the exposition of the story. It zeroes- in on the history of the infective agents and speculation about the origin of AIDS. The reader is introduced to the Marburg Virus, via people who have contracted it. This section narrates the story of Charles Monet who caught Marburg from Kitum Cave in Central Africa. It analyses in detail the progress of the disease, from the initial headache and backache, to the last stage in which Monet’s internal organs bleed out and fail in Nairobi hospital. The second part of the book entitled â€Å"The Monkey House† portrays the discovery of Ebola Reston Virus among imported monkeys in Reston, Virginia. This also includes tidbits on what steps have been taken to decontaminate the infected beings. The third section, â€Å"Smashdown† serves as the climax of the story. Here, the major characters like Major Nancy Jaax, Colonel Jerry Jaax, Dan Dalgard, Gene Johnson, and Colonel C J Peters etc must encounter the virus face- to-face in the monkey house. Some hair- raising events are there during the destruction of animals, like an escape of one monkey and failures in the protective suits worn by personnel. The fourth section, entitled â€Å"Kitum Cave†, signals the denouement of the story. Here Preston reflects on the origin and spread of AIDS. The Hot Zone highlights the impact of lethal viruses on human and animal population. The stars of the hot zone are these two viruses, Marburg and Ebola. These are considered to be ancient and their potential to eradicate huge masses is really high, as more and more humans encroach on the rain forest. There are well- establish cases in which Ebola and Marburg have been transmitted from captive monkeys to humans. Preston points out in The Hot Zone that these viruses have ‘jumped species’ from monkeys to humans at the time human activity is upsetting the habitat and survival of her primates. His first case history of Charles Monet exemplifies this. Charles Monet, a French expatriate working in a sugar plantation in Kenya, becomes mysteriously ill after visiting Kitum Cave. He experiences head aches and back aches for several days before spiking a fever and vomits huge amounts of blood with black specks. Finally the virus, Marburg completely devours him. In 1989, Ebola traveled to Reston, Virginia in a shipment of a hundred crab eating monkeys from the Philippines, imported by Hazleton Research products for medical and pharmaceutical research. The final irony is that one version of Ebola turned out not to be toxic in humans. The author also creates an effectual atmosphere of fear by showing that doctors, who are almost always viewed as being heroic, can so easily contract this virus. The Hot Zone is a Jurassic park with germs, not of dinosaurs. Here Preston constantly reminds of how tiny and how hazardous a virus is. The impact of Ebola or Marburg could destroy the entire planet if it got a grip. Within 24 hours, a virus could make its way out of Africa on a plane and into such places like London, Paris, or New York and then spread out to the rest of the world. The tiny HIV virus has already spread destruction throughout the human population of the globe, and this is a point the author drives home again and again. A very minute amount of contaminated blood is enough to infect a human with the Ebola virus, so those working in the Hot Zone must constantly be careful for the smallest little tear that might allow it into their space suits. Preston makes an effort to draw attention to the AIDS epidemic in this bio –thriller. The HIV virus was in reality just making its way into the human population about the time that Charles Monet contracted Marburg. It appears that the origins of Marburg and HIV are almost similar. Both seem to have originated in African monkeys, and they undergo genetic change and ‘jump’ into human beings. C.J. Peters spends some time comparing AIDS and Ebola, as well. In the last section of the novel, the author explains the idea that as humans capture and destroy more and more of the rain forests, they may discharge many more unidentified viruses. It is as if the viruses act as the forests immune system, which is truly ironic since HIV and AIDS destroy the human immune system. In the book, Preston emphasizes the potential of such a little beasts, that are only microns in size, to wipe out the human population of the planet. In fact, the strength and appeal of this book come from the fear evoked in the reader. The gruesome, horrific deaths of Charles Monet, Nurse Mayinga, and Peter Cardinal set the reader in tension and dread of what will happen if the virus at Reston jumps into the human population. The majority of The Hot Zone is written from the third-person omniscient point of view. The author is not simply composing characters thoughts and emotions. This book recounts a true story, and Richard Preston interviewed many people to learn directly from those involved. Therefore, the reason the author is able to be omniscient is because he has taken great pains to be accurate in his telling of the tale. If he describes someones internal reaction to an event, he is relating what that person told him. He is also careful to give credibility to everyones viewpoints in the cases where people have conflicting recollections of a sequence of events. There are a few places in which the point of view switches to first person. This is a result of the authors reporting on his interviews with the various people engaged in the crisis at Reston, as well as those involved in earlier Ebola outbreaks. This serves to remind the reader that the story is not a piece of fiction, and it also allows the author to tell portions of the story in the participants own words. There are multiple settings in the book because it spans a long period of time (1980 to 1993) and follows viruses all over the world. Much of the African portion of the story takes place in Kenya and Sudan, and the real centerpiece is Kitum Cave in Western Kenya. The story starts and ends there though under very different circumstances. On the international level, there are also references to the Marburg virus stint in Germany, and a monkey farm in the Philippines. Aside from these brief mentions, the true settings of the story are Africa and the United States. The fact that the potential Ebola outbreak is happening so near the capital of one of the most powerful nations on earth definitely adds to the tension of the story. The language used in The Hot Zone is very explanatory. The novel could easily have been a litany of medical terms and acronyms. It is a factual story involving science, medicine, government, and military. The author is concerned with drawing the reader into the story. He wants to generate such a vivid picture that it is sporadically quite upsetting. Richard Prestons capacity to write literature is also obvious. His use of imagery is very successful. By the time there is an outbreak in the monkey house, the reader has been thoroughly apprised of the terribly agonizing, fierce death that awaits anyone infected by the virus. Throughout the entire story, Preston amalgamates scientific perception with fictional writing. Works Cited Preston, Richard. The Hot Zone. New York: Anchor, 1995. Litsum.com Hot Zone Stuff. 2007. http://acaclassof2010studyguides.blogspot.com  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  \2007\09\litsumcom-hot-zone-stuff.html

Mr Rochester Character Analysis

Mr Rochester Character Analysis Edward Rochester does not resemble a hero portrayed in fairy tales, characters who remain static throughout the plot. He is rather a dynamic and round character that changes notably. He has values that are far from freedom, respect, and integrity. In his behaviours to Jane, one can notice dramatic changes. First of all, his being passionate, guided by his senses rather than his rational mind, drags him to marry an insane woman. The situation of being married to a mad woman, and further being lied to by his own family for money matters, makes him an outcast despite of his high social status. He feels trapped and all the lies Rochester believes soon form a sense of distrust, and cause him grow more and more distant from society. Secondly, Rochester is a cynical rebel who refuses to accept and yield to the orders of society. It is only when he meets Jane, a woman who is intellectually equal to him and morally superior than him and who understands his true nature, that his sensitivity is revealed. He completely fails to notice his social rank and ignores others opinions, and clearly falls in love with Jane. Rather than holding appropriate class boundaries, Rochester makes her feel as if he were my relation rather than my master. (242) He loves Jane in a physically plain but in a mentally deep way which shows that he is not shallow. However, his unfortunate marriage to Bertha Mason becomes an obstacle to his union with Jane.This time Rochester,ÂÂ  purposely outcasts himself from his former enchained life with Bertha in search for a real chance for true love. A great deal is written and discussed about Rochesters marriage and character which comes along with a lot of questions. Even though Rochester didnt know his wife was insane, can he be blamed for the marriage to a woman he hardly knew? Under English law at the time, a man whose wife became insane could not get a divorce. But is Mr. Rochesters way to deal with this problem by hiding his mad wife away the right thing to do? And does the fact that he thinks he deserves happiness give him the right to deceive the woman he loves? It is true that he is madly in love with Jane, yet the fact remains that his approach to win and secure her as a wife was wrong for Mr. Rochester was very inconsiderate of the reality. He did not care about what kind of a position it would put the others when he got what he wished, marrying Jane. Rochester was determined to marry her and he did not think about the immorality of the marriage considering he was already married to Bertha Manson even though one can guess it would be devastating for Jane. However Jane brings out the best in him especially as the story advances toward the end, their differences causes the enlightenment. Bronte uses Jane as a light to shed on Rochesters character. In the end he becomes a new man, his dark secrets and qualities ceases to be a part of his life. As I mentioned in the beginning, the basis of Rochesters flawed life was his dark secrets, and past along with a scandal or sin. And all these become forgivable only when the actual circumstance is revealed and when all the hidden facts are lightened. He is the first person in the novel to offer Jane lasting love and a real home. Although Rochester is Janes social and economic superior, and although men were widely considered to be naturally superior to women in the Victorian period, Jane is Rochesters intellectual equal. Moreover, Jane proves to be his moral superior after the fact that Rochesters marriage to Bertha is revealed. Prior to meeting Jane his character was wild and impulsive. Jane helped him heal his wounds and confront with himself. Keeping secrets about himself and his past could do nothing good for him but only promoted dishonesty and destroyed his relationship with Jane. And only when he could break the chains from his past could he be free and become a new man. Towa rds the end of the novel, Rochester grows and develops from his suffering allowing the two characters to move on and find happiness together. He finally pays for his sins, he becomes a suitably gentle husband for Jane, who morally guides and corrects him at novels end.

Ideas of Charles Cooley

Charles Cooley was born on 17th August 1864 and died on 8th May1929. He was George Mead’s contemporary, and each greatly influenced the other’s thinking. Like Mead, Cooley believed that social interaction is the basis of the socialization process. Cooley saw the individual and society as parts of a whole, not as separate entities. In Cooley’s theory, each individual is linked to the social world mainly through the looking glass self. His own self-examination and observation of his children aided him in forming his concepts of the looking-glass self and primary groups.This essay focuses on the looking glass self theory of Charles Cooley and his other ideas. Sociologist Charles Cooley is best known for his concept of looking glass self, the theory that self-image is formed largely by the message we get from others, and an individual’s interpretation of those messages. Cooley argued that a person’s self grows out of a person’s transaction with o thers. One’s consciousness of him or herself is a reflection of the ideas about him or herself that he or she attributes to other minds; thus, there can be no isolated selves.In other words Cooley says that we see ourselves as we think others see us. For example, when learning table manners children develop a sense of what others find acceptable and as they a taught they become socialized. Through the looking glass, we learn that we are intelligent or dull, attractive or unattractive. Cooley argues that the judgments of some people in our lives are more important than judgments of others, for example a spouse’s compliment or low opinion may have a greater effect on someone’s self perception than the same comment made by some stranger.The lingering influence of significant of others helps explain how we can sometimes maintain a positive self image at times when many people look down on us, or negative self image when many people think well of us. The looking glas s self is a simple and domestic metaphor for the way society’s image for us becomes incorporated into our own self image. The looking-glass self begins at an early age and continues throughout a person’s entire life as one will never stop modifying their self unless all social interactions cease.We do not see ourselves us through the eyes of others quite as literally as we see ourselves in an actual mirror. Our notion of how others see us may not be quite accurate and we may also be evaluated differently by different people. What others think of you is no doubt very important in making your self-image and as a result, who you are and what you do. According to Cooley, we gain a definition of our self in three steps: firstly through the beliefs about how we appear to others, secondly through the beliefs about their judgments of how we appear to them and thirdly the response to the imagined judgment.Through the imagined judgment we develop pride, shame, improved self-este em, slightly damaged self-esteem, and other attributes of the self. Once Cooley had established his theory of the self, he then focused his analysis on the human groupings that he conceived to be primary and secondary in linking man with his society and in integrating individuals into the social fabric. Cooley defined primary groups as those small groups in which all the members have enduring, intimate face-to-face interaction and cooperation. Cooley coined the term primary for these groups because they include the family, our first social group, and social linkages.Close friends, children’s play groups, and perhaps some neighbors and some work groups also constitute primary groups. As Cooley explains, primary groups are important in forming the social nature and ideals of individuals. In primary groups, members value each other as individuals and achieve from personal fulfillment. They do things that will benefit the group, without expectation of payment or self-serving bene fit. Example, one member of a family might wash laundry or perform housework that benefits all members.On the other hand, secondary groups are larger groups in which all members do not interact directly and have relationships that are not permanent. Members do not share intimate bonds like those in primary groups. People do join these groups for benefits in some way. They may leave the group or join other groups when they feel like it is necessary. However, these groups may still have some shared norms and sense of group identity. Examples of secondary groups include office workers and students in an exercise class. These groups are also important to our views of ourselves, but less to the primary groups.The notions of the looking-glass self and the primary group are closely related in Cooley's views. The reactions to the thoughts of others is the mark of the mature human and according to Cooley can be developed and fostered only in the close and intimate interactions of the primary group. Hence, this group is the cell in which characteristically human growth takes place. In the primary group the immature and self-centered person is slowly attuned to the needs and desires of others and becomes fitted to the give-and-take of mature social life.The primary group fosters the ability to put oneself into the position of others, drawing the individual out of egotistic isolation by building into him that sensitivity to the clues of others without which social life would be impossible. The differences between primary and secondary groups are as follows, primary groups are smaller because it consists of few members and this helps develop its members personal relations among themselves while secondary groups are larger and due to its size the members do not have personal relations. Relation is natural in primary groups and formal in secondary groups.Also the position of members is determined by his work or function in secondary groups but in primary groups, the position of each person is determined on the basis of the family. Cooley’s sociology is holistic. He stressed about the systematic relationships between social processes in society. He argued that each aspect of society was dependent on others for its growth and survival. If we say that society is an organism, we mean that it is a complex form of processes each of which is living and growing by interaction with the others, the whole being so unified that what takes place in one part affects all the rest.In addition to these essential concerns, Cooley, like W. I Thomas & George H Mead made a crucial important contribution to sociological method. Independently of Max Weber but roughly the same time as he, they argued that the study of human actions must be concerned with the meanings human actors attach to the situation in which they find themselves hence the study must go beyond purely behavioral description. Cooley believed that the social sciences deprived themselves of their best m aterial by leaving out human motives for action.Cooley emphasized that the study of the human social world must be centered upon attempts to examine the subjective meanings human actors attribute to their actions, and that such meanings must be studied in part through ‘understanding' rather than through exclusive reliance on the reporting of behavior. Cooley's theories provided evidence in response to a threefold necessity that had developed within the society. The first of which was the necessity to create an understanding of ocietal phenomena that highlighted the subjective mental processes of individuals yet realized that these subjective processes were effects and causes of society's processes. The second necessity examined the development of a social dynamic conception that pictured states of chaos as natural occurrences which could provide opportunities for â€Å"adaptive innovation. † Finally, a need to demonstrate that people were capable of exerting some form o f â€Å"informed moral control† over current problems and future directions.In conclusion, Charles Cooley is known in sociology most commonly for his development for the looking glass self. Cooley was one of the first to define the exact importance that society plays in forming the individual. He was also renowned for discovering human groups within the society stating that there are primary and secondary groupings that link man to society each having different, however, similar functions. Moreover, he argued that society is like an organism in the sense that each aspect of society is dependent on the other in order to survive.Furthermore Cooley argued that the study of human actions must be concerned with the meanings humans attach to the activity. Finally, Cooley’s theories provided evidence in response to a threefold necessity that developed within the society – necessities to create an understanding of social phenomena, a necessity that examined a social dyn amic conception and a need to demonstrate that people were capable of exerting some form of informed moral control.Bibliography Coser L. A, Masters of Sociological Thought, 2nd Ed, Aarcourt Brace & Company, New York, 1977. Levine, D. N, Visions of the Sociological Tradition. The University of Chicago Press, 1995 Starks, R. Sociology. 10th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2007. Stolley, K. S, The Basics of Sociology, Greenwood Press, Westport Connecticut, 2005

Analysis or Current Ethical Dilemma in Health Care

There are many types of ethical dilemmas that plague the medical field but never is a dilemma more important than when dealing with life and death. In situations such as these, one must follow their own moral compass. When the case involves an entire hospital going against their religious mandates for the life of a woman, the decision becomes that much more difficult. This paper will analyze the situation one Phoenix hospital found themselves in and the repercussions it suffered because of it decision. St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona is a hospital internationally recognized for their neurology department. They have treated high profile patients such as Brett Michaels and Muhammad Ali, but neither has gained the hospital quite the publicity as a woman seeking treatment in November 2009. Alongside neurology, St. Joseph’s Hospital also has a noted obstetrics department and this is where the woman was treated. In late November 2009, a terminally ill woman came to the obstetrics unit suffering from pulmonary hypertension. She was 11 weeks pregnant. During the course of diagnosis, it was found that the pregnancy was exacerbating her illness by worsening her hypertension to the point of placing the patient in immediate danger of death. Doctors determined the only course of action to save the woman was to abort her pregnancy. With St. Joseph’s being a Catholic hospital, this decision went against their guidelines. The decision was taken before an ethics committee which decided to proceed with the procedure. The rationale for the committee’s choice was that they were seeking specifically â€Å"to save the woman’s life, not to end the pregnancy. (Clancy, 2010, p. 1) As a result of performing the procedure, the hospital was stripped of its Catholic status. The problem identified in this situation can be posed in one question; does the religious affiliation of a hospital have the right to dictate the care of a patient? Had the ethics committee gone the other way and decided not to abort the pregnancy, this would have prohibited the woman’s right to live. One should take into account that the patient sought treatment at a Catholic hospital and she should have been aware of their belief system. However one doesn’t know if the patient came to this specific hospital because of its Catholic mission or whether she had no choice in the matter. In either case, is it not a hospitals first duty to provide the best care possible for their patients? The best care for this patient was to abort her pregnancy but the guidelines of the hospital would rather have seen the patient die trying to save both. My personal values and ethical position in this case lead me to side with the hospital. I have always been a proponent of the pro-life ideal and this instance is no exception. The principles I advocate for the strongest are respect for the patients autonomy and beneficence. Keeping these principles in mind, the patient made an informed decision about her care and the hospital needed to respect that decision. As far as beneficence, the cost to benefit ratio was analyzed and a conclusion was reached that benefited the patient most. Utilitarianism is a theory I would apply to this case. Doing the greatest good for the greatest amount of people and saving those you can save. Sometimes the end does justify the means. This not to say that religion plays no part in treating patients, but it is my firm belief that if the Catholic guidelines had prohibited the patient to receive the abortion, two lives would have been lost. When making a serious choice in a case like this, it is important to factor in alternate resolutions. The first alternate resolution is the most obvious and would have had the highest priority; transfer the patient to a facility that has no abortion restrictions. This would have been the best case scenario; however the patient was not stable enough to be relocated and may have died in transit. Another alternate decision would have been to attempt to wait out the patient’s condition and treat her medically. Do to patient confidentiality, the specifics of the patient’s condition are not known. Based on the testimony of doctors at St. Joseph’s, the woman was in critical condition and had this approach been followed, the consequences would have been fatal to both mother and child. This information makes medical management the lowest in alternative priority. When faced with difficult ethical dilemmas, it is best to have a plan of action to assist in decision-making. A step by step approach often works best because it allows the decider to breakdown a stressful choice into workable parts. First one must identify the problem and ask the appropriate questions: What? Who? How? The second step is to identify one’s own personal values toward the dilemma. The third, fourth and fifth steps include coming up with reasonable alternative, examining them and then predicting the possible outcomes of those decisions. In the sixth step, one should prioritize the alternative choices to better identify the most acceptable one. The seventh step is where the final decision is made based on all the information gathered and a plan is created. The plan is then implemented in the eighth step. The final ninth step is when one evaluates the end result and determines if the decision made was the right thing. In evaluation of this particular ethical dilemma, the right thing was done. The decision to forsake the values of Catholicism to save the woman’s life was the right thing to do. The hospital agrees and therefore lost its Catholic status because they stated that they would have made the same choice again. (Kurtz, 2010) Dealing with ethics can be a tricky thing to navigate which is why it is paramount to have a good sense of one’s own moral compass. This is not the last dilemma this hospital will face but following solid ethical values and principles, they should feel confident in their ability to provide the best care to the patients they treat.

Laptop vs. Freewrite An Infographic - Freewrite Store

Laptop vs. Freewrite An Infographic - Freewrite Store I want to run a quick experiment with you. Grab your laptop, open up a new Word document, and see how long you can write before you get interrupted by some sort of notification on your phone or computer. How long did you make it? I got through a whole 2 minutes before I saw the 'new email' notification pop up on my computer. Naturally, I figured that this email was of grave importance, so I stopped what I was writing mid-sentence and checked it. It turned out to be an advertisement for car insurance. That made me curious about what I was currently paying for car insurance, so I logged into my account to check my policy. Long story short, I ended up going down a crazy internet rabbit hole, and after about 20 minutes, I somehow found myself reading an article about what type of lizard the GEICO lizard is. By the time I finally got back to my document, my train of thought had long since departed.  Ã‚   While technology has made amazing strides in global connectivity and communication, it also has costs. Modern devices like laptops and smartphones are designed to be ‘jack-of-all-trades’ tools that can be used to do almost anything you want - but as we just saw, the simple task of writing uninterrupted for more than 5 minutes straight is a struggle. We've designed the perfect solution to counter this problem: The Freewrite Smart Typewriter. Unlike laptops or phones, we've specifically designed the Freewrite to be exceptional at one thing, and one thing only: writing. Check out how laptops stack up to Freewrite in a head to head match up:

Contextual Analysis

Advertisement Description Critical/Contextual Analysis In the competitive world, communication is conveyed in several ways. The response of the target audience to a given message will depend on how best the message has been displayed to be analyzed by the said audience. The most common means of communication is through signs and images.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertisement Description: Critical/Contextual Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business organizations and various stakeholders apply images in conveying their message to the target audience. In order for the said image to be effective, the advertiser must be able to make a detailed evaluation of what these images connote, how and when they are used and their importance to the society (Chandler Daniel 2004, p.54). This means that the images should be carrying some connotative meanings, other than the denotative ones that can be easily interpreted. They may be carrying some myths or something the c ommunity cherishes. Some signs are polygenic in nature since they carry more than one meaning. Therefore, care should be taken when they are used so that the intended meaning comes out. This paper attempts to make an analysis of an advertisement image. There are three modes of advertisements: Presenter, Demonstration and slice of life. The focus of the analysis will be on presenter advertisement. A presenter advertisement exhibits how a product works by demonstrating the unique product attributes and effectively explaining the product or service to the viewers. This form of advertisement can equally help a business to highlight how the specific needs of another third party business can be met. Presenter advertisements are best suited for internet flash and television. The signifier is the picture depicted in the advertisement. It is through interpreting the image that we create meaning from the advertisement. The text on the other hand is the signified; it highlights the meaning tha t the signifier indicates. When making an advertisement, several factors are considered. Some of these factors include gender, age, and class of the targeted group (Chiazzari Suzy 1998, p. 256). Cost of advertisement is a major challenge when choosing the kind of advertisement to make.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Advertisements have a lot of impact to the public and therefore the corporate world has developed common trend especially when introducing new products into the market. The image used in this advertisement is that of Thierry Henry. Thierry Henry is an international footballer, an icon, and a renowned person who has worked hard in the field of football to make sure his team prospers. The said advertisement describes a football icon that is not afraid to fail in all his endeavors but hates to lose. This means that the advert urges the subject of the target grou p to undertake all their activities and focus on winning despite the challenges (Chiazzari Suzy 1998, p.255). The iconic figure of Thierry Henry as used in the advert shows a person who has put his fear behind and thereby shows his willingness to try new ideas to become successful. The use of image also describes a person who is hopeful without having doubts. However, the introduction of the dormant Reebok sign at the bottom of the advertisement heightens the tone of the advert and as such, urges the subjects of the target group to put doubts behind them and move on with new ideas. Reebok is an international company dealing with sportswear materials and produces accessories, athletic shoes, and apparel. The company has struggled through several barriers to achieve an international recognition (Talbot 1998, p.144). The advertisement image is portrayed in this picture is on the billboard. The billboard is large enough such that people can see it from a far distance. It can be noted t hat such a large size is also visible to people who are inside a moving vehicle. Thierry looks regretting as shown by his face signifying someone who lost in the past because he was afraid to fail. The tone of the message, that is, the use of bold and light colored writings signifies courage and not hesitating. Therefore, the target group should never lose hope when exploring new ideas.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertisement Description: Critical/Contextual Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Based on the picture and the message portrayed, Thierry Henry represents the middle-aged population of young men and women (youth) who are afraid of exploring new opportunities that come on their way. When one glance at the advert, what is seen first is bright picture of football icon Thierry Henry, followed by some bold and light written words, â€Å"I am not afraid to fail but I hate to lose†. The first in tention of the advertiser was to attract the onlookers because the bright color of Thierry is very conspicuous and strikes the eyesight very fast and therefore everyone brings his or her attention to the advert. The information written on the advert has a lot to tell the target audience. The way the information has been written can be interpreted in two ways. First, the advertiser is targeting someone who knows how to identify and interpret images and second, the advertiser is targeting someone who does not know how to interpret images but can read and analyze the information (Saussure 2011, p.59). The information is very polite and suggestive. The advertiser tells the audience (who can read but not interpret the image) that indeed he looks like someone who is afraid to explore new ideas and is deemed to lose (Tolston 1996, p.73). The same message is passed to someone with ability to read and interpret the image, which adds some emphasize to his understanding. This image implies tha t if one comes across good opportunities in life its good to explore on them without fear otherwise he will stand lose and regret. In addition, the image is very advising in that both the image and the written words are advising the target group they should never be afraid to fail but never give a chance for loss. The youthful generation is also advised to try to maneuver through several opportunities as they make critical decisions in life. The notion of symbolism technique is used in the advert. The sign of Reebok and the image of Thierry Henry are symbolic and as such, it has proved effective as the main idea behind the advert is passed (Lewis 2007, p.108).Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The subject of the targeted group should never regret anytime in their entire life instead, they should avoid any fear associated to their failure and develop a positive attitude towards winning just like Reebok Company and Thierry Henry does. This is because despite several challenges that Thierry Henry has gone through in the football arena he always strived to excel and the same for Reebok Company, it has passed through major struggle to become an international company in sportswear materials (White 2000, p. 52). In terms of challenges, both Thierry and Reebok Company share similar characteristics regarding their struggle for success. The image also symbolizes two different kinds of life; a hopeful and successful life of a youthful guy who has achieved and anticipate to face the future after succeeding in the past and a regretful life of a failure who is always afraid to fail and ends up losing.Further, the image also signifies a great deal of contrast. As such, the mood of Thier ry Henry contrasts with the tone and the message being conveyed. Topography also features in the advertisement whereby some words have been bolded to emphasize the importance of the advert to the targeted group. Behind the bright image of Thierry Henry is another black image with a different size and appearance: symbolizing two different kinds of lives, the two personalities are living. Thierry Henry image is bright, big and very visible symbolizing courage, hope, and lack of fear in facing the future (Tolston 1996, p. 75). The image behind him is black and not clearly visible symbolizing darkness and lack of vision for a person who has lost hope in life. The choice of color also plays an important role in the advert. The bright color branded to the football icon depicts success and achievement for someone who made a positive choice in life and never lost therefore life has been success to him. With this color, it is easy to capture the attention of the target group and therefore th e message is conveniently conveyed. The image behind him is dark in color and invisible symbolizing lack of vision for a person who has been in darkness and has no focus to achieve. Color tone is also brought clearly by use of bold colored words such as â€Å"lose† and â€Å"not†. Boldness brings about emphasizes of the message to the reader. To a person who can read and not interpret his eye vision will be attracted to the bolded words that are negative in nature and link them to the image of Thierry Henry; he will therefore understand better the negative repercussions of ignorance. In terms of gender, the advert uses an image of young football icon meaning that the young generation of youthful men and women are being represented in the product or service being advertised. These groups are in the process of making life decisions and so the image makes them aware that the choice of decision they make today will determine their success for tomorrow; therefore they shoul d never regret the kind of decisions they make in life (Tolston 1996, p. 73). This is because most important decisions in life are made during youthful stage and choice of decision is an important determinant in future. The two images informs the target group the importance of making informed choices in life by capturing both positive and negative sides of future and displays them in the same advert so its upon the reader to read, see, and make judgment. Though the advert uses a man’s image, it does not mean that men are the target. The writing on it is clear evidence that the advertiser targeted the young generation from all races ranging from men to women (Saussure 2011, p. 58). There is no any limiting attributes to say a certain class is targeted, the advertiser generalized to pass a clear message to everyone. The use of image is very effective when making advertisements. According to, a researcher, picture brings personal reflection to a real life situation. Picture also carries a very strong message for those who cannot read and write. In addition, personal image brings a sense of human being and it is easy for one to understand the message because people are interested in what they see around them. It is therefore very important when designing an advertisement to take into account the target group and their area of interest, which enhances the effectiveness of the advertisement. Advertisements are different depending on age factor, race, gender, and class. The use of brand logo and an arrow is a distinctive feature in this advertisement because it creates curiosity and visibity of the advertisement (Talbot 1998, p. 144). The use of different colors in brand logo makes it look conspicuous from the rest of the image. The advertiser uses an international sportswear company and a renowned football icon as an advertisement strategy. Both the football player and Reebok Company have international recognition and therefore everyone is curious to know the message behind the two. The image attracts the reader and once he sees the image he will read. The background also presents both the past and the future that is unknown to the target group (Barthes 2003, p. 212). Both future aspects as presented in the advert (the invisible dark image) show a right decision that was made in the past yields to successful opportunity in future (bright image of Thierry Henry). It is clear from the analysis that images play an important role in making an advertisement. An advertisement is most effective when an image of an international icon is used or common thing that is known to everyone because people want to be associated with an international and successful person in their lifetime (Lewis 2007, p. 108). Colors also carry different meaning to different people and therefore the choice of color is very important. Bright colors are the best because they strike the eye very strongly and one can see them from far even in a moving car. It is also import ant to use more than one language, toplogy and color technique when making such advertisements because the intended message very effectively conveyed to the intended group as compared to other types of advertisements (Chiazzari Suzy 1998, p. 275). Overall, the advertiser has applied necessary ingredients in bringing out the message in the advert. There are no controversial images or violation of media ethics. The colors have been applied in their context without suggesting otherwise to the reader. With such kind of advert, the advertiser is likely to achieve its target. This application by Reebok Company implies that images play a great role in advertisement List of References Barthes, 2003, Mythologies, John Wiley and Sons, London. Chandler, R Daniel, F 2004, Semiotics: the basics, Routledge, New York. Chiazzari, A Suzy, D 1998, The complete book of color, Barnes and Noble Books, New York. Lewis, J 2007, Typography: design and practice, Jeremy Mills Publishing, Huddersfield. Sau ssure, F 2011, Course in general linguistics, Columbia University Press, New York. Talbot, M 1998, Multiple voices in magazines, in Language and gender: an introduction, Polity Press, London. Taltson, A 1996, Mediations: text and discourses in media studies, Arnold, New York. White, R 2000, Advertising, McGraw-Hill, New York.

QS-9000 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

QS-9000 - Research Paper Example The current trends in the supply chain management have shifted from the traditional enterprise boundaries to incorporate different companies in the supply network. Indeed, the three biggest automotive makers in the world, the General Motors, the Chrysler and the Ford came together to develop a supply network that would ensure customer satisfaction and process control in the automobile industry referred to as the QS-9000. This paper looks at the provisions of the QS-9000 and the benefits of automobile suppliers adopting the standards. In order to answer find out this, this paper will look at the history and the development of the QS 9000. It will look at the steps required for an organization to be certified as QS 9000 compliant. The various requirements of the organizations under QS 9000 will be discussed in detail while finally the paper will look at the benefits of organizations that are compliant with the standards. According to Hoyle (1996), quality system requirements 9000 (QS 9 000) refers to an international quality management system standards for the automotive industry. They were originally developed by and meant for the â€Å"Big Three† automobile giant companies in the American motor world which are  Daimler Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation. The QS 9000 was in line with the 1994 ISO-9001 Standards whixch embraced customer satisfaction and process control. According to the QS 9000, all suppliers in the automotive world are required to be quality sensitive and adhere to high quality production materials, quality production of motor spare parts, heat treatment and professionalism, in plating and painting of the automobiles (Chrysler Corporation, et al., 2009). The QS 9000 is divided into three sections that include all the twenty ISO 9001 elements, including a number of automotive requirements. Secondly, the systems requirements, which are defined by the â€Å"Big Three† automobile companies, meant for their own use referred to as â€Å"Additional requirements† and lastly, the customer specific requirements r-that which are unique to every individual manufacturer of cars or trucks (Kanholm, 1995). Kanholm, (1995) outlines a number of activities that are carried out by the QS 9000 include Quality Systems Assessment which is involved in making sure that products are safe and efficiently serves the purpose for which they were intended. Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan is referred to as a framework that involves procedures and techniques that are used to develop goods and products in a particular industry, especially in the automotive industry. It is the process for development of system products for General Motors, Chrysler and Ford and including their suppliers (Kanholm, 1995). Production Part Approval Process is used for establishing confidence in component suppliers and the process they follow in production by making sure that the supplier properly und erstands all specification requirements and customer design records. It ensures that the process possesses the capability to make production that meets the requirements by the customers (Borror, 2009). Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis on its part involve reviewing any possible components, assemblies and subsystems to identify failure modes, their causes and effects. Measurement Systems

Traditional accounting pricing tools are not fit for the 21st century Essay

Traditional accounting pricing tools are not fit for the 21st century - Essay Example This paper illustrates that since the production of the goods had started the price has been a great matter of concern for both the sellers and buyers. The producers and sellers have been coming up with different pricing techniques and strategies that they found perfect in the scenario they are working. With the change in time and modernization of the society, it has become evident for the sellers to adopt new and better pricing strategies to compete well in market and keep up with the expected prices of consumers as the consumers are always having a wider choice of companies to buy the product that they want in most of the cases. Basically the accounting functions may help in price determination in this modern market place because the accounting functions allow record keeping of all business transactions making it possible to easily estimate the costs and then calculating the prices to be charged accordingly. Several pricing tools have been introduced for sellers and producers in or der to the prices for their products effectively. Accurate pricing is very important for each company in order to attain the long term profitability for the company. It is necessary that the objective of the pricing strategies adopted by a company should be a sign of the complete marketing plan of the company. A pricing strategy adopted by the company should be chosen in a way that it helps in maximizing the profits for the company by stabilizing the sales and attracting the potential customers in market. (Gitman 2003, 57). To determine the price of a product, it is greatly necessary for the company to take in account all the expenses made in the production of the good and that add up to the cost of production. The proper and complete consideration of the all the variable and fixed costs would allow the producer to decide over the right pricing strategy to be adopted also taking in consideration the market trends (Glueck 1980, 153). The producers then utilize the pricing tools in or der to determine the right price for their product. The key feature of any business is to determine efficient pricing strategy, which plays a vital role in order to make the customer perception about the business or product. There was an era when manufactures used to determine the price of the items and retailers simply had to follow it, differentiation would be dependent upon shopping experience, convenience, product range, ambience and quality of service of the retailers (Mankiw 2009, 69). The current market of today globally experiences several fluctuations due to which traditional financial models that used to develop keeping in mind specific variables which were not specifically viable. Hence in order to cope up with the modern requirements of the market and in order to cope up with the fluctuations and randomness of the market new concepts needs to emerge. It is often observed from the past that the changing requirements have forced experts to come up with the amendment in the existing models for financial calculation so that the environmental variables that are more significant would be included in the calculations and the variables that are not relevant or are not highly significant would be eliminated from the model. In order to study the effectiveness of the traditional accounting methods and the need of modern accounting method, it is important to analyze the environmental variables of the current market so that the current pricing strategy is appropriate (Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan 2009, 183). The traditional pricing methods are more focused on customers that are time oriented or money oriented where for some customer’s convenience is the most important factor and for others, price is the most important factor. Apart from these two customers there are some proportion of quality conscious customers as well who seek quality at any cost. The correct pricing strategy actually depends upon the nature of the product as